ones shorter, their pinnules oblong bluntish, adnate or docurrent,
crenato-serrate ; later fertile ones broader than tho earlier, the
pinnules oblong bluntish cronate-sorrate as in barren ones ; anterior
and posterior basal pinnules of the lowest pinnæ in all the fronds
nearly equal in size. [Plato XLI.]
L a s t k e a c r i s t a t a , $. u l i g i n o s a , Moore, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. iv. 109 ; I d .,
Phytol. iv. 149 ; Id ., Handh. Brit. Ferns, 3 ed. 117 ; Id ., Ferns o f Gt.
Brit. Nature Printed, t . 20. Bahington, Man. Brit. Bot. 4 ed. 422.
L a s t r e a u l i g i n o s a , Newman, Phytol. iii. 679.
A s t iu ium c r i s t a t u m , ß. u l ig in o s um , Hooker A Am o tt, Brit. FI. 7 ed. 585.
A sp id ium s p in u lo s um , Hooker A Amiott, B rit. FI. 6 ed. 571, in p a rt.
A s p id iu m SPINULOSUM, h. u l i g i n o s u m , A. B r a u n : Doll, Rhein. FI. 17.
A s p i d i u m s p i n u l o s u m , v . s u b c o r i a c e u m , Ruprecht, Dist. Crypt. Ross. 37.
A s p id iu m c r i s t a t u m x s p i n u l o s u m , Milde, Hh. Hook.
P o l y s t i c i i u m s p i n u l o s u m , -y. u l i g i n o s u m , “ A. .Bp.” : Wirtzen, Crypt. Vase.
Rhcn. Pruss ; a c co rd in g to Newman.
L o p h o d iu m u l i g i n o s u m , Neioman, Phytol. iv . 371 ; Id ., 1851, App. x ix . ; Id .,
Hist. B rit. Ferns, 3 ed. 163.
Var. spinulosa : fronds narrow ohlong-lanceolato, bipinnate ;
pinnæ triangular, oblique ; pinnules oblong, acute, inciso-serrate or
pinnatifid, with aristately toothed lobes ; posterior basal pinnules of
the lower pinnæ much larger than the anterior ones. [Plate X L I I.]
L a s t e e a c e i s t a t a , y. s p i n u l o s a . M om , Handh. Brit. Ferns, 2 ed. 115 ;
3 ed. 117 ; Id ., Ferns o f Qt. Brit. Nature Printed, u n d e r t . 19.
L a s t e e a s p i n u l o s a , Presl, Tent. Pterid. 76. Babington, Man. Brit. Bot. 4 ed.
422. Soioerby, Perns o f Gt. Brit. 24, t . 12. M om , Ferns o f Gt. BrU.
Nature Printed, t. 21.
L a s t r e a s p i n o s a , Newman, Nat. A im . 1844, 21. Deakin, Florigr. B rit, iv,
108, fig. 1611.
L a strea d ila ta ta , v . l in e a r is , Bahington, Man. B rit. Bot. 1 ed. 386 (excl. sy n .)
P olypodium spin u lo sum , Müller, FI. Fridrichsdal, 193, n . 841, t . 2, fig. 2. ;
. Id ., FI. Dan. iv . fase. 12, 5, t . 707.
P o ly p o d ium c r i s t a t u m , Hoffmann, Deutschl. FI. ii. 8 (excl. syn. B o lt.)
P o ly p o d ium m u l t i f l o r u m , ß. sp in o sum , Roth, Calai. Bot. i. 141.
P olypodium F il ix -foe m in a , v . s p in osa, Weis, PI. Crypt. 316.
A s p id iu m s p i n u l o s u m , Swartz, Syn. Fil. 420 (n o t 54, n o r S ch rad . Jo u rn .) .
Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 48, t . 48 (excl. fig. d, e). Sprengel, Syst. Yeg. iv. 106
(ill p a r t, i.e., excl. c h a ra c te r o f in d u sium , a n d sy n o n ym ). Ì Bentham,
Handh. Brit. FI. 630, in p a rt. Fée, Gen. Fil. 291. Mettenius, F il. Hort.
Bot. lip s . 93. lowe , Nat. Hist. Ferns, vi. t . 41.
A s p id ium s p in ulo sum , a. e l ev a tum , A . B ra u n : Doll. Rhein. FI. 17.
A s p id ium s p in u lo sum -c rista tum, laschner, Bot. Zeit. xiv . 435.
A sp id ium s p in u lo s um , ß., Ruprecht, Dist. Crypt. Ross. 37.
N eph r o d ium s p in ulo sum , Strempcl, Fil. Berol. Syn. 30.
P olystichum spinosum , Roth, FI. Germ. iii. 91.
L ophodium spin osum , Newman, Phytol. iv. 371 ; Id ., 1851, Apip. xv iii. ; Id .,
Hist. Brit. Fems, 3 ed. 157.
Caudex stontish, decumbent or slowly creeping, i. c., extending m
a horizontal dirootion, the fronds of each season being in advance of
those of the preceding y ear; branched, scarcely tufted, somewhat
scaly, formed of the enlarged living bases of the decayed fronds
surrounding a woody axis. Scales similar to those of the stipes.
Fibres numerous, coarse, dark brown, branched.^
Vernation oiroinate, the pinnæ lying flat against the sides of the
incurved rachis.
Stipes terminal and adherent to the caudox, about one-third ot
the entire length of the frond, stout, shining, dark brown at the
base, the brown blending with green upwards, sparsely scaly, with
broad ovate membranaceous pale-brown scales, which are for the
most part appressed, and aro most numerous near the base. Raclus
stout, channoUed in front, almost free from scales, pale green.
Fronda from one to three feet high, herbaceous, dull green, erect
narrrow linear-oblong, tapering at the apex, scarcely ataU narrowed
at the base, suhbipinnate. Pinnæ numerous, the lower ones distant,
suhopposite, short triangular, two inches long, an inch and a half
broad at the base ; the npper more contiguous, alternate, elongate
triangular, those near the middle of the frond measuring about two
and Th a lf inches long, and nearly an inch and a quarter broad at
the base; all shortly stalked, the stalk W e d so that their upper
surface is directed towards the apex of the frond. PinnuUs oblong,
bluntish, more or less adnate, and connected by the wing of the
raohis, the basal ones only, and these only on highly developed
fronds, having a narrow attachment, pinnatifidly lobed, the lobes
serrate, with spinulose te e th ; the rest of the pinnules are inciso-
crenate at the margin, serrate at the apex, the orenatnres serrated,
and all the serratures tipped by a spinulose point. The posterior
basal pinnules are scarcely larger than the anterior ones of the same
pinnæ ; while those of the late summer and autumnal fronds are
broader and larger. .
Venation of the pinnules consisting of a flexuous costa or midvem,
which throws off a vein into each lobe; these veins hear several
which are either simple or forked, and are directed one
towards each tooth, terminating witliin the margin in a somewhat
thickened point. Usually only the anterior basal venule each