aspect proper to the species in its normal state are quite destroyed.
In all other respects this variety rosomhles the normal plant. I t has
been found—near Tunbridge Wells, Kent, Q. B. Wollaston. Carnarvonshire
: Llanheris, Bev. J . M. Chanter. [Plate XXXI.]
2. caudata (M.). This has a good deal of the normal character,’
hut it differs conspicuously from the common states of the plant, in
having tho apex of its fronds and of the pinnæ narrowed and drawn
out to a considerable length, so that the fronds become elongately
lanceolate, and the pinnæ caudate. I t was found at Windermere
hy Mr. Clowes, and has been cultivated hy him without changing
its character for several years. The apex of the frond is frequently,
but not constantly, divided in a trifid manner.
3. ahrupta (M.). This form, the constancy of which has not
been sufficiently tested, has narrow fronds ; the pinnæ are short,
bluntish, often hifidly and very obtusely dilated at the end, the
pinnules interrupted and irregular in size. I t was found by Mr.
C. Jackson, near Barnstaple.
4. erispa (M.). This form has tho pinnules undulated or wavy,
so that the frond acquires a crispy appearance; it is otherwise
normal. I t was found by Dr. Balfour, on the Clova mountains.
5. cristata (M.). This is a beautiful variety, analogous to the
cristate forms of Filix-mas and Filix-foemina, and most nearly
resembling Athyrium Filix-foemina, var. corymbiferum in its conformation.
The fronds are rather small, and corymbosely branched
towards their apex, the branches being dilated into broad cristate
tassels ; the apices of the pinnæ also are multifid-crisped, though
in a less degree than the apex of the frond itself. I t was found in
Monmouthshire, hy Mr. T. H. Thomas.
THE MALE FERN, or COMMON BUCKLER EERN.
LASTREA FILIX-MAS.
L. fronds lanceolate, suhbipinnate or hipmnate ; pinnules oblong,
obtuse or aoutish, serrate crenate or inoiso-lobate, tho basal ones
moro or less distinct, the upper confiuent ; serratures not spinulose ;
indusium convex, persistent, (and except in abbreviata and pumila)
without marginal glands.
—(type) suhbipinnate ; pinnules oblong, obtuse, with a broad
attachment or connected at the base, crenato-serrate (chiefly at
the apex), groen beneath ; sori usually extending from the base
about half the length of the pinnules. [Plate X XX II.]
L a s t r e a F i l i x -m a s , Presl, Tent. Pterid. 76, Deakin, Florigr. Brit. iv. 103,
fig. 1609. BaUngton, Man. Brit. Bot. 4 ed. 421. Sowerby, Ferns o f Ot.
Brit. 19, t. 9. Moore, llandb. Brit. Ferns, 3 od, 102 ; Id ., Ferns o f Ot.
Brit. Nature Printed, t. 14. Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 2 ed. 197.
PoLYi'ODUiM F i l i x -m a s , Linnaeus, Sp. P lant. 1551. Bolton, Fil. B rit. 44, t. 24.
Hudson, FI. Ang. 458.
P o l y p o d iu m n e m o i ia l e , Salisbury, Prod. 4 0 3 .
A s p id iu m F i l i x -m a s , Swartz, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800, ii. 38 ; Id ., Syn. Fil.
55. SmUh, FI. BHt. 1121 ; Id ., Eng. Bot. x x i. t . 1458 ; a n d x x v iii. t. 1949
(excl. te x t) ; Id ., Eng. FI. 2 ed. iv. 275. Schkuhr, Krijpt. Oew. 45, t . 44.
Hooker A Amo tt, Brit. FI. 7 ed. 585. Maekay, FI. Hib. 340. Bentham,
Handh. Brit. FI. 629. Pêe, Gen. Fil. 291. Flora Danica, t. 1346. Svensk
Bot. t . 51. Frws, Sum. Veg. 82. Hooker, FI. Lond. iv . t . 40. Willd.
Sp. P lant. V. 259. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. iv. 105. Mettenius, Fil. Hort.
Bot. Lips. 92, t. 18, fig. 7. Lowe, Nat. Hist. Ferns, vi. t. 13.
A s p id iu m B l a c k w e l l i a n u m , Tenore, Att. Accad. del. R. Inst. Sc. Nat. Nap. v .
( re p r iu t 9, t. 3, fig. 9.)
A s p id iu m k e m o u a l e . Gray, Nat. A r r . Brit. PI. 7.
P o l y s t i c i i u m F i l i x -m a s , Roth, FI. Germ. iii. 82. De Candolle, FI. Franç.
ii. 559. Koch, Synops. 2 ed. 978. Ledebour, FI. Ross. iv. 514.
N e p h r o d i u m F i l i x -m a s , Richard, Cat. Med. Paris, 1801, 120, Hooker, Fil.
Exot. u n d e r t . 98. Lowe {R. T.), Trans. Camb. P h il. Soc. vi. 627.
T e c t a r i a F i l i x -m a s , Cavanilles, Prcelect. 1801, 251.
D r y o p t e r i s F i l i x -m a s , Schott, Gen. Fil. (sub. t. 9). Neiomun, Hist. Brit.
Ferns, 3 ed. 183, fig. h.
L o p h o d iu m F i l ix -m a s , Newman, Phytol. 1 8 5 1 , App. x x .
Var. incisa : fronds robust, hipmnate ; pinnules elongate or pyramidato
ohlong, aoutish, deeply inoiso-lobate, the lobes serrate ; sori
usually occupying nearly tho whole pinnule. [Plate X X X III B.]
L a s t r e a F i l i x -m a s , v . i n c i s a , Moore, Phytol. iii. (1848) 137 ; Id ., Handb.
Bril. Ferns, 3 ed. 103 ; Jd., Ferns o f Gt. Brit. Nature PHnted, t. 15.
Babington, Man. Brit. Bot. 3 ed. 410.
VOL. I. N
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