and the Mediterranean, which divide it from Africa, on
the fouth, and by the great Atlantic ocean on the weft :
lying between gh and 43 degrees o f north latitude, and
between 8. 22. longitude, reckoning from the illand of
Ferro, the moft weftern of the Canary iilands («). The
Pyrenean mountains áre the higheft in Spain, extending
from the ocean to the Mediterranean,O feveral others
branching out, as from their root, fuch as mount Idu-
beda now called Montes de Oca, the Orbion, Moncayo,
the Puerto de Pajares, or pafs from Caftile to Afturias,
the Puerto de Guadarrama, which feparates the two Caf-
tiles, that of Molina, of Cuenca, of Confuegra, o f Al-
caraz, of Segura, of Cazorla, and the Montes Marianos
now called the Sierra Morena (¿): the Puerto del Rey(c),
(a) Deferípcion de la provincia de Madrid, por Thomas Lopez. Madrid, 1 7 6 3 , I a mo.
(h) Sierra is a general name in Spain for all wild diftriaswHofe rugged appearance feems to
refemble the notches o f a faw (which is Surra in Spanilh.) Of thefe places the Sierra Morena
in Andalufta is one of the moft exferifive and bleak. Tranlfaed literally it anfwets to
our Englilh word, Black-Heath.— Tlie inhabitant of fucfi a country is, called Serrano, and if
the diftri& is fipall, it is called Serranía.
;(¿) The word Puerto is applied to paffes from one province to another where duties are
paid. I .could not. help failin g.» read, in a.modern geographer, that Ordunna, (becaufe there
is a Puerto there) has a good harbour, when iti is án inlaind city fovetl leagues: from Bílboa.
J . B a r r o w ’ s geog. difl. 2 vol. fob ad edition revifed and torrefied, 1 ,7 6 3 .
A t many o f thefe Puertos there are ludic rous duties eflablifhed, as for example, at the -Puerto
del Re» ip S.ierra Morena a Angular toll is paid-for monkies, parrots, negroes, and gutttars
unlefs played 'upon at the time: married women unleft in company with their-hulbands or
producing certiScates ;-~vrz, for any monkey, parrot or fmgular bird, one-real vellón-, a gut-
tarre, one pífela-, any drum, unlefs the king’s, one p feUt, a woman as above defcribed, one
real vellón -, a travelling mule, one quarto. h i c h
which commands the communication between Caftile
and Andalufta, and the Puerto del Muradal, where lies
that famous pafs called las Navas de Tolofa, celebrated
for the vitftory obtained there in 1212 over the king o f
Morocco, and other paffes o f lefs note.
Amongft the rivers, the Ebro has its fouree nearFon-
tibre, fix leagues from Aguilar del Campo, paffes by
Logroño, Viana, Calahorra, Tudela, Zaragoffa, Mequi-
nenza, and'Tortofa, and a little lower falls into the Mediterranean
at the Alfaque iilands.
The Guadalquivir has its fource in the Sierra de Segura,
paffes hy Reas, Baeza, Andujar, Cordova, Loxa and
Seville, and enters the ocean at San Lucar de Barrameda,
receiving in its courfe the waters o f the rivers Guadal-
bullan and Genii.
The Tagus rifes in the Sierras near Albarracin, paifes
by Zurita, Aranjuez, Toledo, Almaraz, Alcantara, Abranles,
Santarem, and Lifbon, where it is three miles
broad and enters the ocean, having the tide as high
as Santarem, and receiving in its courfe the waters
of the Jarama, Manzanares, Guadarama, Alherche, and
others.
The Guadiana rifes about four leagues from Montiel in
the Laguna Ruydcra, and after running under ground
A 2 appears.