ì< A '
I P H D Ì i T i ^ E L - V M / i M]E]BL\FID)M]EI¥T[, a ^ . . <1' r , a z - n . )
K.lln'-i del. ci li(h. Mhtlti-n iJro.'.Mf.
P H O N Y G A I N I A K E R A U D R E N I {L e s s . ^ f J a n , . ) .
K e r a u d r e n ' s Manucode.
B a r i t a h r a u d r e m , Less. & Garn. in Férussac, Bull. Se. Nnt. viii. p. 110 (1820).—liti. Voy. Coquille, Zool. Alias,
pi. 13 (182C).
P ì w n y g a m a I c m u d r e n i , Less. Diet. Class, xiii. p. 309 (1?28).—lei. Man. d'Orn. i. p. HI (1828).—Id. Voy.
Coquille, Zool. i. pt. 2, p. 030 (1828).—Id. Traile, p. 34-1 (1831).—Id. Compi. Buff., Ois. p. 403, eum
tab. (1838).—Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 303 (1840).—Bp. Consp. i. p. 308 (1850).—lìosenb. Nat. Tijdscbr.
Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 230 (1803).—Id. J. f. O. 1804, p. 123.—Finsdì, Neu-Guinea, p. 173 (1805).—
Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. ili, p. 180 (1877).—Id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool, xvi. p. 442 (1882).—
Eudes-Deslongeli. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 41 (1880).—D'Hamonv. Bull. Soc. Zool. Frana-, 1880, p. 510.
C h a l y l a m c o r n u t n s , Cui'ier, Rf'gne Anim. i. p. 354 (182!)).
P h o v y g a m a ì e s s o m a , Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 204 (1837).
M m i l l c o d i a i e r a t i d r e a i i , Sclater, Journ. Limi. Soc. ii. p. 102 (1858).—Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 154.—Id. Cat.
B. New Guinea, pp. 37, 59 (1859).—Id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 158.—Id. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1801,
p.43B.—Id. Hand-l. B. iii. p. 17, no. 0268 (1870).—Elliot, Monogr. Farad, pi. 8 (1873).—Paresi, Ann.
Mus. Civic. GCUOY. TÌ. p. 315, ta¥. x. (1874).—lieceari, op. cit. vii. p. 713 (1875).—Salvad. op. cit. vii.
p. 781 (1875), ix. pp. 41, 189 (1870), x.p. 150 (1877).—Pavesi, op. cit. ix. p. 00 (1870-77).—D'Albert,
op. cit. X. pp. 13, 120 (1877).—Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 102 (1878), iv. p. 97
(1879).—D'Albert. & Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. xiv. p. 95 (1879).—D'Albert. Nuova Guinea,
pp. 682, 584, 588 (1880).—Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. ii. p. 510 (1881).—Id. op. cit. iii. p. 501
(1882).— Musscbenbr. Dagboek, pp. 195, 228 (1883).—Rosenb. Mittb. orn. Ver. Wien, 1885, p. 40.
C h a h j b m s h e r a n d r e n i , Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 120 (1807).—Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 47
(1807).—Id. Malay. Arch. pp. 370, 558 (1879).
C ì i a h j l m I c e r m d r e n i i , Schlegel, Dierent. p. 175 (c. 1809).—Id. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv, p. 50 (1871).
P h o m / g a m a j a m e s i i , Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. iii. p. 181 (1877).—Id. Proc. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 500 (1877).—
Elliot, Ibis, 1878, p. 5(3.
M a m c o d i a h r m i d r e n e r i (lapsu), Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 205 (1879).
THIS Maniicode is an inliabitant of Ne»' Guinea and tlic Aru Islands. In the former !t is widely
distributed, for it has been found by Lesson and Wallace tiear Dorey, and D'AIhertis at Andai, by Beccari
at Warbnsi and Rainoi, and by the late Mr. Bruijn's hunters at Sororig;, Nirba, Mansinam, and in the Arfak
Mountains.
D'AIhertis met with the species on the Fly River, and again at Hall Bay and Yule Island, while Dr. E. P.
Ramsay has recorded it from the vicinity of Port Moresby. At Aleya also the late Dr. James procured the
specimen ivliicli I named after him, V h o n y g a m a j a m e s i . Count Salvadorl considers that tliis species cannot
be n])held, and I must confess that, with the series of specimens in the British Museum, I am at present
unable to decide tlie question, though a re-e.\ainination of the type shous me that none of the other New
Guinea birds have such a steely-green head.
The specimen procured by the late Carl Hunstein at East Cape also seems to me to resemble Dr. James's
e.xaniple. In the Aru Islands the present species has also been obtained by Von Rosenberg and
B e c c a r i ; but, as tlie Count points out, there are some slight differences in specimens from these islands,
tlie size being perce|)tihly larger, and the tint of the metallic gloss being of a more steel-blue character,
as in examples from Sorong.
Nothing appears to have been written about the habits of this Manucode, beyond the statement of
Von Rosenberg's that it was very rare in the Aru Islands, where it is only found ¡]i the woods, and not
iniiversallv on the coast and in the interior forests like M . a i m ; its food consists of insects, sniali
crustaceans, and fruit.
The iieculiar trachea of these Manncodes is well liuown, and Professor Pavesi has written a memoir on the
subject, founded on examples sent to him by Dr. Beccari. According to Pavesi the male has the trachea
external and with several coils, the adult female has Init a single coil, while the young females bear no
trace of an external trachea at all.
The following descrij)tion is copied from my third volume of the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British
Museum ':—•
J l d u l t m a l e . Generid colour above burnished steel-blue, the feathers of the licad velvety in texture, as well
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