In enumerating the rfisTomoAL evidences on this subject, I shall confine myself to
such authorities aS appear to be original and independent of each other. The facts recorded
by these witnesses have been transcribed and often confounded by a multituda of compilers,
and it is therefore indispensable to our purpose* to attend mainly to the statements of original
observers, and to refer only incidentally to the remarks of commentators. I t has also appeared
desirable not merely to translate, but to reprint the exact words of those brave old voyagers,
who in the infancy of nautical and medical science, encountered a vast amount of peril and
suffering, and yet found means to observe and record the natural wonders which came in
their way.
Compilers are unanimous in stating that the Islands of Mauritius and Bourbon were first
discovered by Mascaregnas, a Portuguese, who gave his own name to the latter island, and
called the former Ceme.1 I have not been able to find the original authority for this
statement, though it is probably founded on fact. Castagneda, Osorio, Barros, Koman,
Lafitau, and the other authors who treat of the Portuguese conquests in India, record the
exploits of Pedro Mascaregnas, and of two or three other persons of the name, but apparently
make no allusion to the discovery of these islands, which, indeed, lay completely out of the
ordinary track of the Portuguese navigators. There is also a great discrepancy in the date
assigned to the discovery, which one writer2 fixes at 1502; a second,3 at 1505; a third,4 at
1542; and a fourth,5 at 1545.6 Be this as it may, it seems clear that nothing definite is
recorded of Mauritius or its productions until 1598, when the Dutch under Jacob Cornelius
Neck, or Van Neck, finding it uninhabited, took possession, and changed its name from
Cerne to Mauritius.
1 The Portuguese discoverers appear to have named this island Cerne, from an utterly untenable notion
that it might be the Ceme of Pliny (Hist. Nat. vi. 36, and x. 9.), an island which, according to the usual
punctuation of the text, lay off the Persian Gulf, but was more probably on the West Coast of Africa (see A. de
Grandsagne’s edition of Pliny, Paris, 1829, vol. iv. p. 143, and vol. v. p. 344). Later authors, however, from Clusius
downwards, insist that the Portuguese called it Ceme or Oisne, i. e. Swan Island, from the Dodos, which they
compared to Swans (see Clusius, Exotica, p. 101). The statement that Vasco de Gama, in 1497, discovered, sixty
leagues beyond the Cape of Good Hope, a bay called after San Blaz, near an island full of birds with wings like
bats, which the sailors called Solitaries (De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. Mus. H.N., and Penny Cyclop. Dodo, p. 47.)
is wholly irrelevant. The birds are evidently Penguins, and their wings were compared to those of bats, from being
without developed feathers. De Gama never went near Mauritius, but hugged the African Coast as far as Melinda»
and then crossed to India, returning by the same route. Tins small island inhabited by Penguins, near the Cape
of Good Hope, has been gratuitously confounded with Mauritius. Dr. Hamel, in a Memoir in the Bulletin de la
Classe Fhysieo-mathfaiatique de VAcad, de St. Bitersbourg, vol. iv. p. 53, has devoted an unnecessary amount of
erudition to the refutation of this obvious mistake. He shews that the name Solitaires, as applied to Penguins by
De Gama’s companions, is corrupted from Sotilicairos, which appears to be a Hottentot word.
2 Ersch and Gruber’s Encydopadie. 3 Grant’s Mauritius. 4 Penny Cyclopaedia.
5 Du Quesne in Leguat’s Voyage, on the authority of a stone pillar, placed in Bourbon by the Portuguese.
6 In one of De Bry’s maps, which illustrates the first Dutch expedition of 1595-1597, these islands are
indicated as “ I. de Mascarenhas.”