4
203. GRATIOLA P A R V H ' L O U A.
Annual, ercct, ramous, faur-sidcd. Leava opposite, ovateoblong,
three-nerved. scvvuLuc, acute. Floiuers long-pedimcled,
solitar)-. SUrile lilanients iwo-clcft. Ccqmles lunger than the
calyx, acuic.
Sims crect, with le»-. opposite, acutely fuur-anglcd branches;
general liciglit about six inches.
Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-oblong, serrulate, thrce-nervcd,
acutc, smooth.
Flomrs axillary, solitary, long-pedunclcd, small, general colour
blue, though I have seen many plants with white flowers.
Sieril FilmnaiLs two-cleft: divisions capitate.
Capsule oblong, pointed, loDgev than the calyx.
Is also a native of low, moist places over India, where it appears,
and blossoms during the rains.
204. GRATIOLA R0TUND1F0LL\.
Lhm. Spec. Hani. Edit. WdU. I. f . !03.
Annual crect, four-sided. Leavts sessile, round-cordate, serrate
dentate. Pcduncles a.xillary. solitary, longer than the leaves.
Cafmdei globular, length of the calyx.
With the two former species, this appears and blossoms during
the rains, and continues in Hower the first pan of the cool season.
Willdenow quotes Tsjanga-puspam, Rkced. vud. 9. Uih. hi, for
this delicate small species; but 1 have found another, which I
call G. iniegrifolia, that I think agrees better with that figure than
this.
205. H I F P O C R A T E A ARBOREA.
IIIPl'OCU.VrEA ARliOREA A
suspect tlie natural number, in a double scries ; equal, ovateoblong,
smooth.
}{ectary : a three-sided, fleshy cup, surrounds the insertion of t!ie
stamina and germ.
Filnnmh three, membranaceous, shorter than the corol. Anthers
four-lobed.
Gin« ovate. short. simple.
Capsules three, linear-oblong, compressa!, smooth, one-celled.
two-valved : each valve boat-shaped.
Seed.^ MO in the apex of each capsule, >vith a long, bread wing,
exicndiiig to its base, where they ate inserted.
A native of the interior parts of India, blossoms in July, and
the seed ripen in March.
A smaJl tree of five years growth, and about twelve feet in
height (in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta), reared from seed, presented
by Dr. Hunter, Howered injuly I 802, for the first time.
Subarborenus. with weak subscandent branches. Leaves opposite,
elliptic, serrulate, fine-poinied. Corymbes axillary, diehotomous,
Capsules linear-oblong, two-seeded.
Cnttx-paharia of the Hindoos.
rrunh straight, about as thick as a man's arm, covered with smooth,
dark brownish, ash-coloured bark. Brandus and brancldels
spreading, and tending to dimb; young shoots round and
smooth, indeed highly polished.
Leavcs opposite, short-petioled. drooping, elliptic, fine taperpointed,
serrate, very smooth on both sides; six or seven
inches long, and about three broad.
Stipules none, but twt> or three small, dark brown, scaly butis in
each axil.
Corymbes axillary, dichotoraous, with a pedicelled flower in the
J r a d « o]>posite, small, permanent.
Flowers very ntiraerous, very small, pale greenish-yellow.
Calyx beneath, generally four, though sometimes five, or even
six-parted; divisions rounded, and only about half the length
of the corol.
Carol four, five, or six-peialled ; six is the most c
206. PANICUM SOUARROSUM.
Rch. Obs. 4. 15 a7.d h. lab. 1. IJwi. Sp. Plavl. Jidil. Willi. I.
p. 345.
Ch//« creeping, i/^iiei two, horizontal; rncAw jointed. Flowers
fascicled (from the upper end of each joint of the rachis). Corol
three-valvcd.
Cenehi us muricatus. Limi.Manl.SOi. Schreb.gram. i.p. 69.1. 34.
Culms creeping to a considerable extent, with alternate spreading
branches; their flower-bear ing extremities ascending.
Leaves short, but rather broad, and covered with soft hairs.
Sheathes large, involving much of the culms, downy.
Spikes two, terminal, spreading horizontally, or ascending in a
curve, one-ranked. Rachis composed of from four to eight,
thin, membranaceous, oblong joints ; a waved ridge divides
them longitudinally on the inside.
Flowers collected in sessile bundles, of from four to eight on the
inside of the upper end of each joint of the rachis.
Calyx one-flowered, three-valvcd: the iximW minute, and Ianceolate:
the second large, acutc. and striated ; the vt7ier nearly
as small as the exterior, tapering from the base to a fine point,
three-nerved, and fringed with a scariosc border.
Is a native of the dry, sandy ground near the sea, on the Coast
207. BOSWELL I A GLABRA.'^
Canarium odoriferiim. Rii>i'p/i. amb. 2. t. 50.
3 of the Telingas.
GENERIC CI-IAKACTER.
Cfl/^* five-toothed, inferior. C W five-petalled. Sectary. i
cienulate staminiferous cup, round the lower part of the germ.
Caj,sule three-sided, three-celled, threc-valved. Seed solitary, with
5 BOSWEI.LIA GLABRA.
DESCRIPTION.
T-nini erect, straight, and oi a great Jieight. Bark firm, pretty
thick, and covered with a greenish ash-coloured tender pellicle.
Branches few in proportion to the size of the tree.
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, alternate, unequallypinnate,
from six to twelve inches long. Leajlels sessile, from
six to ten pair, opposite, broad-lanceolatc. obtuse, rounded
a little at the base, equal, slightly serrate, smooth, about an
inch and a half long, and about half an inch broad.
Petioles round and smooth.
Stipules none.
Raceme.f terminal, many together, forming a panicle, downy, generally
from three to six inches long.
Bradei minute.
Flmucrs r
Calyx ben(
Petals five.
Ncctary: í
germ
FilamoUs t
short-pedicelled, small, white,
imall, five-toothed, permanent,
ng, toward the base tapering, above spreading,
alatc, fleshy, red ring surrounds most part of the
subulate, scarce half the length of the petals, spreading,
alternately shorter ; inserted on the outside of the base
of the nectary, Jnlhers oblong, pointed, large.
Gem oblong. Style three-sided, as long as the filaments. Sligma
J leaded, green.
Capsule about the size of small plum, three-sided, three-valved,
three-celled, opening from the base.
Seeds one in each cell, cordate, surrounded with a broad membranaceous
wing.
OBSERVATIONS.
A native of the highest mountains on the Coast of Coromandel,
where it grows to be one of the largest trees ; its leaves are deciduous
about the end of the rains, in October. Flowering time the
cool season, soon after the young leaves make their appearance.
The wood of this tree, being hard, heavy, and durable, together
with its size, render it of great use for ^'ariotis purposes. The
lower masts of coast-built vessels are generally made of it, though
its weight renders it less fit than fir or teak, and still less so for
top-masts.
From wounds made in the bark, a large quantity of resin exudes,
which soon becomes hard and brittle, and is often used as a substitute
for pitch on the Coast of Coromandel. To soften and render
it fit for use, a certain portion of some low-priced vegetable oil,
such as castor, or mustard oil. is boiled up with it. The finer
pieces of this resin are frequently burnt, instead of common incense
(benzoin), in the temples of the natives.
On the BalJa-gaut mountains a second species gro\\-s, which 1
consider to be Canarium odoriferuni hirsiitum. Rum^k. amb. 2- I.
5 1. The leaflets arc downy, and more deeply serrate; and the
stamina are inserted on tlie exterior margin of the nectary.
a membranaceous w ing.
ry of Ü1C Uie Dr. John JJcswdl, of Edinburgh.
208. GARUGA PINNATA.
Katon-kalesjam. Rheed. mal. 4, p. 69. t. 33,
Garuga. or Garoogoo of the Telingas.
Joom of the Bengalese,
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Caly.K campanulate, five-toothed, intisrior. Petals five, insertetl or
the calyx, alternate with five, and just above the other fivi
stamina. Sligvui five-iobed. Drupe with two. or more, oneseeded
nuts.
DESCRIPTION.
Trunk straight, and of great height, before the branches come out.
Bark pretty smooth, and ash-coloured. Branches few for the
size of the tree, forming a scanty head.
Leaves about the exircmities of the bianchlets. unequally-pinnate,
from six to twelve inches long. Ltnjlels nearly sessile, from
six to ten pair, opposite, obliquely lanceolate, crenate, or serrate,
a little downy, the exterior pair largest; general length
about two inches and a half, and about one broad.
i^^yjH/e.t ear-shaped, spreading, pointed.
Panicle, a small, single, nearly erect one, from the axills of the
leaves that first appear.
Bractes minute, caducous.
Floxuers yellow, inodorous.
Cd/jiA'beneath. onc-Ieaved, carapanulate, five-toothed.
Petals five, lanceolate, above the middle spreading, inserted on
the calyx.
Nectary: five small, smooth, yellow glands, embossed on the inside
of the calyx, between the insertions of tlic pairs of
filaments.
Filaments ten, subulate, rather shorter than the corol, inserted into
the calyx; the upper five alternate with the petals ; the lower
five just below them. Anthers oblong.
Germ oval. Stijle rather longer than the stamina. Stigma five-lobed,
five-grooved.
Drupe round, fleshy, size of a nutmeg, smooth.
J^nts two, or more (five seem the natural number), irregular in
shape, with irregular elevations and depressions on the outside.
very hard, one-celled, one-seeded.
OBSERVATIONS.
A large tree, a native of various mountainous districts over
India. The leaves drop about the close of the rains, and appear
again with the flowers in February and March.
The wood of this tree being soft and spongy, is of very little
The fruit is eaten raw, but chiefly used for picklinj
•ough, austere taste, which renders it unpalatable as
Tom the tree, though very fit for pickling.
t has a
209. HARDWICKL-\ BINATA.^^
Acha, or Atti marum of the Tamuls.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx none. Corol •!-5-petailed. Legume one-seeded.
DESCRIPTION.
Branches numerous, spreading, with bifarious, alternate, slender,
smooth, waving, drooping branchlets,
Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, binace, with a minute bristle
between. Leaflets sessile, shape between semicordatc and
reniform, entire, very smooth on both sides, while young
• So named after Lioulcnant Colonel Thomas Hirdwicke, author of the Journey to
Sirinagur, in the sixih volume of the Asiatic Researches, and of numerous unpublished
descriptions in natural history.
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