near tlie moutli of some receptacles (atseufc in many), sessile, the periantli of 3 broadly ovate
pieces; anther single, ovate-rotund, its filament short; gall and fertile flowers sessile or
pedicillate, the perianth of 5 lanceolate pieces, style short, lateral, stigma rounded; the galls
much more numerous than the fertile females, and many of them witliout perianth.
Wild in the sub-Himalayan forests ; in Bengal and in Central India. Universally jjlanted
m all pai-ts of India and Ceylon, less frequently in Burmah, and rarely in the Malayan
regions. This is the sacred Bo-tree under -wliich, according to the legend, Sakyamuni, tlie
Buddha of the cmi-ent cycle, became incarnate. It is especially sacred to Buddhists and
Hindoos, to whom it is an object of veneration, and even of worship.
_ I reduce F. affinior, GrifE. here m t h some hesitation; for Griffith's figure of affinior shows
a slight difference from the ordinary type of roligiosa in the venation of the leaves. It agi-ees
however in tliis respect no better with Rumphii, which is the species nearest to religiosa.
PLATE 6rA.-Fi-uiting-brauch of F. religiosa, Linn. 1 & 2, base and apex of a receptacle:
of natural sise.
PLATE 84".—3, male flower ; 4 & 5, s
gall flower without perianth: all enlarged.
3 and pedicillate female flowers ; 6 pedicillate
67. Ficus AHNOTTIANA, Miq. Am. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 2S7.— Wrosi. Arnottiamm, Miq.
Lond. Jom-n. Bot. vi. 56-4.— TJrost. Courtallense, Miq. in Loud. Joui'n Bot. vi.
564.—il eordifolia, Dalz. and Gibs, (not of 131. or Roxb.) Flora of Bomb.
242; Thwaites Enum. PI. Ceyl, 264 ; C. P. 2856; Wall. Cat. 4485A and C.
A ti-ee or shi-ub, glabrous in all its parts; leaves long-petiolate, sub-coriaceous, broadly
ovate, narrowed upwards to the shortly caudate-acuminate apex; margins entii-e; base
from truncate-emarginate to deeply cordate, never narrowed to the petiole, 7-nei-ved; lateral
primary nerves 5 to 7 paii-s, reticulations lucid, minute; length of blade 3 to 8 in., of
petiole 2 to 6 in. ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, -6 to 1 in. long, caducous, reddisli-brown when
dried; receptacles mostly from the axils of fallen leaves, in pahs or in clusters from tubercles,
sessile or short pedunculate, depressed-globular, smooth; when ripe purple with greenish
dots, -25 to -4 in. across; basal bracts 3, brown, membranous; peduncles when present
from -1 in, to '2 in, long; male flowers few, near the mouth of tlie receptacles, sessile, the
perianth of 3 loose, inflated, broadly acuminate pieces wliich are much larger than the
single small, ovate-rotund, subsessilc anthei-; gall and fertile female flowers undistinguishable
except by contents of ovaiy, sessile or pedicillate, the perianth gamophyllous, lax,
toothed at the apex, completely investing the ovary, style elongate, stigma flat,
Western and Southern India and Ceylon ; in rocky places.
COURTALLENSIS.
Loaves smaller and less cordate at the base than in the typical form.
Hills of Southern India.
Hamilton and Wallich refen-ed this to F. popidifoUa, Vahl., an African species which
it undoubtedly resembles, but which has leaves almost reniform with the receptacles on
longer peduncles.
Walhch distributed three species under the name popuUfoUa and the number -1485.
l l i e s e are as follows in the Linnasan Society's set: —
4485 A. is the same as Thwaites C. P. 2856, and is F. Arnotliana.
is, in my opinion, E. Rumphii, Bl.
b TJEOSTIGMA. 67
Separate figure of base and apex of
C is F. Arnotliana.
D is -f. infectoria, Roxb., var. Lamhertiawi.
PL.vru 68.—Fruiting-twig of F. ArmUiam, Miq.
reooptacle. CourkiUema : all of ludnral thu.
PLATE 81'.—1, male flower; 3, pcdicillato female flower; 3, ovary of gall removed from
its perianth ; all onlargecl.
68. Fions MOOXMA, Kinn.-Uroil. WyUiamm., Miq., var. B. «mjm, Thwaites
Enmn. PL Ceyl. 285.
A largo tree; leayos sub-ooriaooons, olliptie or oyato-oblong, apex shortly and abruptly
cnspidatc, margin entire, minutely undulate; base rounded or slightly narrowed, 3-norvcd,
not cordate ; glabrous, with very promincirt minute rotioulations ; lateral primary veins
l O t o l ô p a i r s ; length of Hade 4-Ô to 6-5 in. ; petioles about 1'2.5 in. ; stipules about -3 in.,
puberulous • reooptaclos crowded below tho extremities of the branches, solitary or in pairs,
axillary, but oliiefly in the axils of fallen loaves, globular, about '3 in. (sometimes -5 m.)
across, punctate, on peduncles -0 in. long; malo flowers few and only near tlio moutli of tho
reeoptaclcs, sessile, the perianth of 3 lonoeolate pieces which do not quite cover the single
stamen; anther ovato-apiculate, o.i a filament as long as itself; gall and fertile female
flowers sessile or podicillatc, tho perianth gamophyllous, 4-tootked, shorter than tho ovary;
gall ovaiy ovoid ; fertile achono broadly triangular ovoid.
This was considered bv tho late Dr. Thwaites to bo a variety of F. Wightiana, Wall.,
but it is so diiïorent from that or any other form of ijifeelorm as to appear to deserve spécifié
r i n k Tho norvos of the loaves are straighter, more numerous, and form a wider angle with
the midrib, and the fruit is on much longer podiiuclcs than is the easo in F WisMiana.
PLITI. 69.—Fridting-branoh of F. Momiiam, King. 1, apex; 3, base of a receptacle:
o/ nataral sise.
PL.TTK84-.-4, male flower; sessile fertile female flower ; 6, acliene of the same ;
T, pedicillate gall flower : all enlarged.
69 Ficiis Tj.«r,i..i, 75«™. Fl. Itid. 227.—Tsjatela, Kheedo Hort. Malab. iii. 87. t. 64.—
F Tjalcela Barm., Miq. in Ann. Mus. Liigd. Bat. iii. 287.—K vemsa, Ait.
Hort. Kew ed. 1. iii. 4.51 (not of Wi l l i Hort Berol. 36.t.38); Poir. Encyc.
Method Supp ii.6.57; Ham. in Trans. Linn. See. xv. 161.-i". èiftctm-ia,
Willd. (nonKosb. ' Spec. PI, iv. 1137 ; Ai t Hort. Kew od. 2. v. 485.-¡7-,«/.
I'jakela, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 567.—CtoI. Ce/jlomse, Miq. id. 570.—
F emlMn/a, Miq. Ann. Mils. Lugd. Bat. iii. 287 (t.ïri. sjn. eauhcarfa).—
Urad eauloMnja, Miq. Lond. Joimi. Bot. vi. 568; Wall. Cat. 4519A and
B ; Thwaites, C. P. 2031, 3083.
A very tall tree without aerial roots; all parts glabrous; leaves coriaceous, very
•dossv above lon.r petiolate, oval to ovate, shortly and abruptly aeuiuinato, edges entire,
Si,d,tlv undulate r base broad, rounded, or sub-trnncate, rarely narrowed, 3- to 5-ncrvcd;
lateral primary norvos 7 to 10 pairs, slightly prominent on both surfaoes ; length of blade ni.
to 7-5 in • petioles 1-7Ô to 2-5 in., slender ; stipules small, ovato-lanceolate, 'a m. long ; leaf-scales