4 PAL I EO-MOE PHE .
—F. anonoefoHa, Zipp. SIS S. and proljably F. aciminatissima, Miq. LOÎKI.
Journ. Bot. vii. 2 3 3 . - T a d j a m , Miq. Pl. Jmigh. i. 62; Fl. Ind. Bat, i.
pt. 2, 312. tab. xxc.—J'. microtus, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Supp. 174, 428;
Auu. Mus. Lxigd. Bat. iii. ^m, 292.—F. /(¿/psoj^hila, Miq. (in part)
Pl. Jungh. 60 ; FL Ind. Bat. i. j)t. 2. 3 0 3 . - P . leucoxylon, Miq. Pl. Jungli. 61.
~F. tondana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 305.—./'.
Fl. Ind. iii. 555 ?
A shrub 01- small tree, the young branelics scabrid-liispid ; leaves shortly petiolate
membranous or almost coriaeeous, inequilateral (tbo side next the stem being the narroAver)|
c-longated, sub-obovatc or oblanceolate or elliptie-lanccolate, the apex acuminate or shortly
cuspidate; margin remotely serrate-dentate, repand or sub-entire in the upper lialf, almost
entire towards the 3-nerved, very unequal, narrofvcd base ; lateral primary nerves 3 to 5
})aii-s, prominent and pale-coloured below; the whole of tlie lower siu'face sub-scabrid, minutely
])unctate, the reticulations distinct; upper surface smoother than the lower, the midrib and
nerves puberulous, length from 4 to 7 in. ; petioles -2 to -3 in. long ; stipules 2 from the base
of each leaf, lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous extci-nally, from -2 to -3 in. long, persistentreceptacles
pedunculate, numerous, in faseiclcs of 4 to 10, mostly from the axils of fallen leaves
globose, with umbilicus often sub-apert, scabrid or minutely verrucose; basal bracts usually
absent; when ripe, red with yellowish dots and about -2 to -20 in. aci'oss; pcduncles -3 to 4
in. long, slender, scabrid, occasionally with 1 or 2 scattered wart-like bracts; male flowers,
only near the mouth of the receptacles containing gall flowers, with 1 stamen and an abortive
or gall pistil, perianth of 4 pieces united by their bases; gall floM'ers with a perianth of
3 linear-lanceolate pieces, ovary obovoid, smooth, stipitate ; style short, lateral ; stigma ciavate ;
liei-fect female florets in separate receptacles from the raales, their perianth deeply 4-cleft,
achcne ovoid, style nearly tenninal, stigma capitate.
Ûlalayan Peninsula and Ai-chipelago. Very common and variable.
This is very closely allied to F. rostraki, Lamk. in externals, but the stnicture of the
flowers is different. The chief external marks to distinguish this from rostrata are that the
leaves of this are more unequal-sided, the receptacles aa-e more hispid and more generally
pedunculate, and the habit is shrubby or arboreous.
The specimens named F. grciuicefoUa, Bl., in Blume's Herbarium at Leiden belong mostly
to this, but a few of them are referiible to F. ampelas, Burm. ; and (although Blume's name
cjrewioefolia is the older) I have therefore taken Wallich's name of pisifera for this species.
The specimens of F. remblas, Miq., at Leiden and Utrecht are partly referrible hero and
partly to F. ohscura, Bl.
I think it highly probable that F. exaspcrnta, Eoxb. (of which a good MS. dramn"-
made under Roxburgh's supervision exists in the Calcutta Herbarium) is the same as the
plant issued by Wallich as If this were absolutely certain, Roxburgh's name would
of course take priority of Wallich's ; but no authentic Roxbm-ghian spccimcn of exasjjcrata
appears to be extant.
PL.vrE 1.—p i s i f e r a . , "Wall.—Fniiting-twigs of three forms. 1, base of rcceptacle ;
2, apex of receptacle ; 3, stipules—aZ/ of naiiiral size-, 4. male flower with 1 stamen and 1 gall
pistil; 5, gall flower from the same receptacle; 6, perfect female flower from another
receptacle: 7, achene of the same: JS'os. ^tol enlanjed.
2. FICUS GIBBOSA, Bl. Bijd. 466 ; Miq. Fl. Jungh. 62 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 308,—
PALIEOMOEPJIE.
Var. unir/ihba, Miq. l,c. Supp. 430.—F. rígida, Bl. Bijd. 465.—F. cuncata,
Bl. Bijd. 468.—J", im-adoxa, Bl. Bijd. 467; Miq. Fl. Ind. Eat. i. pt.
3 0 8 . — d i f f o r m i s (Lam. ?), Bcnth. Fl. Hong-Kong, 327.—i'. altimeeraloo,
Roxb. MSS. in ilerb. Calc.; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 435; Fl Ind.
Bat. i pt. 2. 311; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 277, 293 (j^rtly).-e x c e l s a
(Vahl?), Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 552 (excl. syn. Rheede); Kurz For Flora Brit.
Burm, ii, 451.—i^, excelsa, Wall. Cat. 4477A, B, C, D .—i l diversifolia, Keinw.
(non Bl,).—i^. siil-ohliqua, Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 225, 293.—
F. altimeeraloo, Roxb. (excelsa, Vahl.), Wight. Ic. 650.
A tree, the leaves varying much as to form and surfaces, always with prominent and
usually (except in var. parasitica) more or less lucid nervation and venation; the young branches
scaberuloiis, often pubesccnt; leaves petiolate, more or less coriaccous, usually inequilateral,
from ovate-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic to rhomboidal, occasionally oblanccolate-elliptic, or
gibbous towards the base at one or both sides ; edges always entire and often revolute; apex
obtuse, rounded, with or without a short acumcn, or gi-adually narrowed to a rather blunt,
rarely to a long sharp point; base 3-nerved, cuneate-acute or bluntish, never romidcd,
oftel^ unequal; lateral nerves 3 to 7 pairs (rarely more), always prominent; intermediate
nerves and reticulations distinct, from lucid pale-colom-ed and shining to (in vars. cuspidata
and parasitica) dull and neither shining nor coloured; lower surface firm, often more or les.s
harsh from the prominent venation, glabrous, or minutely tuberculate to minutely hispid (in
vai'. parasitica); upper surface glabrous, shining to dull, and (in var. parasitica) minutely hispid
especially on the midrib and nerves; length from 2-5 in. to 8 in. ; petioles -3 to -4 in. long;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, convolute, slightly cmwcd, from -3 to -5 in. long. Receptacles
pedunculate, axillary, solitary, in pairs, or in small umbellate fascicles from the branches
below the leaves (often at the forks of the branches), depressed-globular or globularpyi
iform, manimillate, with rather a prominent, often apert umbilicus, minutely verrucose,
sub-scabrid or scabrid, without basal bracts; when ripe yellow and from -2 to -3 in. across ;
peduncles '2 to -4 in. long, puberulous, with a few bracteoles at their bases; male flowers
only near the mouth of the receptacles containing gall flowers; perianth of male flower of
4 to 6 linear, fleshy, hairy picccs; stamen 1, with a short fllament, which is united by its
base to an abortive (inscct-attackcd) pistil; g-all flowers with perianth similar to the male
flowers, the ovary globular, smooth, the style short, lateral; fertile female flowers, in separate
receptacles, with a thin hyaline perianth of 4 linear, slightly hairy pieces, the achene slightly
papillose, obliquely ovoid, style elongate, lateral.
India, near the bases of all the hill ranges in the country, tlurough the Khasi Hills
Chittagong, and Burmah to the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago; also in Hong-Kono-.
A very widely distributed and most variable species. Blume made four species out of the
Malayan forms of this, of all of which I have seen the types in the Dutch herbaiia. Of
Blumo's four names, F. gihhosa is that here retained for the species, as being the one which
has got most widely into use, and which is, moreover, a descriptive name. Roxbui-gh,
Wallich, and Kurz consider that this is the plant named excelsa by Vahl,, and Mr. Bentham {Fl.
Hong-Kong, 327) thinks it is probably F. difformis of Lamai'k, But the ty^Des of these two
older species have apparently been lost, and it appears safer to relegate them both to doubtful
species. In adopting Blume's name of gibhosa we are on finn ground, Blume's types beingat
Leiden. The forms of this Protean plant arrange themselves into four groups, as follows
1. TYPICAL GIBBOSA, BI. (with synonyms as above),-Leaves very vai-iable in shape,
glabrous, shining, and (when di-y) coloured beneath, the midi-ib, nerves, veins