CHAPTER XII.
Vage
Marked ehango in the Vegetation—Bridge ovor Chenab—Pnrgwal—Description
of Chenab valley—Asdhari—Chatargarh—Road turns up valley
of Butna—Vegetation of Chenab valley—Chishot—Snow-beds—Camp
at 10,500 feet—Anoient moraines— Glacier-— Camp at 11,500 feet—
Rapid asoent along glacier—Camp on moraino, at 14,600 feet—Change
of weather—Asoent towards pass over glacier— Cross Umasi La—De-
soont—Immense glacier—Encamp in Tibet, at 13,800 feet—Open valley
of Zanskar—Padum—Great change of climate—and in vegetation . 343
CHAPTER XIII.
Rope bridge across Zanskar river—Tongdo—Zanglo—Road leaves Zanskar
river—Takti La—Nira—Bridge ovor Zanskar river—Singhi La—Phu-
taksha—Wandla—Lama Yuru—Cross Indus river—Kalatze—Nuria—
Saspola—Nimo— Le—Pass north of Le—Small glacier—Kardong—
Kalsar—Vegetation—Biskit—Passage of Shayuk river—Upper Nubra—
Vegetation of Nubra—Hot spring at P a n a m i k ............................................367
CHAPTER XIV.
Start for Karakoram—Steep ascent out of Nubra valley—Meet a party of
Merchants from Yarkand—View from summit of pass—Rapid torrent—
Large glacier—Steep moraines—Alpine vegetation—Numerous glaciers—
Lakes—Glacier on crest of Sassar pass—Sassar—Cross Shayuk river—
Murgai—Limestono rocks—Ascend Murgai Valley to 16,800 feet—Singular
limestone formation—Opon plain above 17,000 feet—Re-oross
Shayuk river—Karakoram pass—Return to Sassar—Glaciers of Sassar—
Return to Le—Start for Kashmir—Lamayuru—Phatu pass—Kanji river
—Namika pass—Molbil—Pashkyum—Kargil—Dras—Zoji pass—Kashmir—
Lahore—Completion of jo u rn e y .................................................................408
CHAPTER XV.
General description of Tibet—Systems of mountains—Trans-Sutlej Himalaya—
Cis-Sutloj Himalaya—Kouenlun—Eour passes across Kouenlun
—Boundaries of Western Tibet—Height of its mountain ranges and
passes—Climate of Tibet—Clouds—Winds—Snow-fall—Glaciers—thoir
former groater extension—Elevation to which they desoend—Snow-lovel
—Geology—Laoustrino olay and a l lu v iu m ...................................................... 456
Mi®,
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