These birds rarely or never hear the report of a gnn,
and therefore have not learned to look on man as a
universal destroyer, and the tameness they manifest
is perfectly charming. Even the black crow, with its
hoarse caw, becomes an attractive bird when you
find he no longer tries to shun your company, but
makes all the overtures he can to be social.
The road runs along the southern flanks of Mount
Klabat, and is slowly ascending from Kema to
Ayar-madidi, which is about half-way across, and then
slowly descends again to the western shore of the
peninsula. On my right hand was a deep valley,
and fine scenery was occasionally revealed through
the foliage of the trees that covered the way. On
the opposite side of the valley were many small projecting
ridges that have been formed by denuding
torrents, and extend down to the level of the stream
that flows out from the lake of Tondano to the ocean
at Kema.
By noon I came to the village of Ayar-madidi,
“ Hot Water,” a name it receives from a neighboring
spring, which in former times was hot. As it comes
out of Mount Klabat, it was probably heated by the
volcanic action that raised that great mountain, which
is only an extinct volcano. As the volcanic action
decreased, the heat passed off, until now, the water is
as cool as that of any other stream in the vicinity.
Even as late as the 12th of November, 1848, this
water was described as “ cooking' hot.” According
to Valentyn, in the year 1688, a great eruption took
place in a mountain near Menado, which he calls
“ Kemaas,” and all -the surrounding country was laid
waste. “ Kemaas” Dr. Junghuhn has supposed to be
Klabat, but he never visited this region, and the conical
summit of Klabat shows its destruction by heavy
eruptions has not yet begun. It is far more probable
that Kemaas was the mountain now known as
Sudara, whose two peaks are only the fragments of
the upper part of the cone that were left standing
when the eruptive force blew off the other parts, or
so weakened their foundations, that they have long
since fallen, and the materials of which they were
composed have been brought down, and spread out by
the rains over the flanks of the mountain. Natives,
who have been to the top òf Klabat, inform me that
there is a small lake on the northwest side. Its
basin is, no doubt, that part of the old crater which
has not yet been filled so as to make the whole elevation
a perfect cone. If this lake was of any considerable
size, then, as occurred on Mount Papandar
yang, in Java, mud and hot water will certainly pour
down the sides of this mountain, if it is again convulsed
by the mighty forces that are now slumbering
beneath it. Ayar-madidi is a large Tw/nvpong, or
negri, as the Malays sometimes call their villages* It
is beautifully situated on the southern flanks of
Mount Klabat. Its streets all cross each other at
right angles, and are well shaded. So far as we
are aware, the Malays and Javanese had no word
for village previous to the arrival of the Telin-
gas, and it has been conjectured, from this fact,
that they were scattered everywhere over their particular
territories exactly as we have seen is the custom
of the aborigines of Buru, thè Alfura, who have