names were given, and our author’s remissness was Gmelin’s opportunity, who speedily iumished Latin names
to the species. Nine different ones are given, and several plates, with figures easily recognizable.
1783.— B o d d a e r t , ‘ T a b l e d e s P l a n c h e s E n l u m i n e e s d e B u f f o n . ’
In this work the author provides Latin names for the various species of Paradise-birds figured by Buffon,
and, like this last author, does not discriminate closely, but gives various names in some instances to the same bird
in different stages of plumage. They are included in three genera, Paradisea, TJpupa, and Manucodia. Thus we
have Paradisea sexpennis, P. afra, and P. speciosa, TJpupa speciosa, U. striata, and Manucodia chalybea: of these
the Upwpa speciosa and U. striata are sexes of the species now known as Epimachus speciosus, Boddaert’s name
taking precedence of all others; the rest are all valid. Species 7.
1786.— S c o p o l i , ‘ D e l i c i / e F lo r .® e t F a u n a e iN su B R ic iE .’
In this work, a small portion of which is devoted to ornithology, the author characterizes and gives Latin name's
to some o f the Birds of Paradise (as well as species belonging to other families) figured by Sonnerat in his
‘Voyage h la Nouvelle-Guin^e.’ Five species are mentioned, all of which, however, had been named by earlier
authors. They are:—Paradisea rex (Cicinnurus regius), P. superba [Lophorina atra), P. penicillata [Parotia sexpennis),
P. magnified [.Diphyllodes speciosa), and P. viridis [Manucodia chalybea).
1788.— G m e l in , ‘ S y s t e m a N a t u r a e . ’
In this edition of Linnaeus’s ‘ Systema Naturae ’ eight species belonging to the Paradiseidae are recorded :■—•
P. apoda, P. regia, P. magnifica, P. nigra, P. superba, P. aurea, P. alba, and P. viridis. These have since been
divided into various genera, as they present characters which cannot very well be classified under one head.
Besides the species just given, this author, copying Linnaeus, includes in his list P. tristis, from the Philippines,
which belongs to the genus Acridotheres of the Starling group. Species 11.
1790.—L a t h a m , ‘ I n d e x O r n it h o l o g ic u s .’
Twelve species of Paradise-birds are given in his list, all included in the genus Paradisea, eight of which are
good. P. cirrhata is the Diphyllodes speciosa, P. furcata is Lophorina atra, P. chalybea is Manucodia chalybea; P.
leucoptira is difficult to define, probably a made-up specimen. Species 11.
1801.—L a t h a m , ‘ G e n e r a l S y n o p s i s , ’ S u p p l e m e n t .
Under the name of Turdus melinus is described a young male Sericulus from New Holland, generally known
as. S. chrysocephalus, which last must become a synonym. Species 12.
1802.—VlEILLOT ET A u DEBERT, ‘ OlSEAUX D oRES,’ ‘ IllSTOIRE N aTURELLE ET G e NERALE DES G r IMPEREAUX ET
DES OlSEAUX DE PARADIS.’
This splendid work, besides those of other families, gives eleven species o f the Paradiseidae, with plates of
each. French nomenclature is employed upon the plates and headings of the pages; but a few synonyms are
given from older authors. No new species are added, the desire o f the authors being apparently to present, as
far as possible, good figures of those already known.
1806.— L e v a il l a n t , ‘ H i s t o ir e N a t u r e l l e d e s O i s e a u x d e P a r a d i s .’
In this work, at the time of its publication the finest ever issued upon this Family, twelve species of
Paradiseidae are given, the author employing French nomenclature. All the species are figured nearly of the
size of life, and generally the females are also represented upon separate plates, and one or two plates of
feathers are also given. The letterpress is mainly composed of descriptions of the birds; but the literature of
the Family is entirely neglected.
1807.— L e v a il l a n t , ‘ H i s t o ir e N a t u r e l l e d e s P r o m e r o p s e t d e s G u e p ie r s .
Life-size figures of Epimachus speciosus, male, female, and young male, Ptiloris magnificus, and Seleucides alba,
are given, all, however, under French names, this author never having employed a Latin nomenclature.
1809.—S h aw , ‘ Ge n e r a l Zoology. ’
Two species are here named for the first time, Paradisea minor and Paradisea sanguinea, which will hereafter
take the place of papuana and rubra respectively. Ten other species are also given :—P. major, which is the
P. apoda ; P. nigra and nigricans, which equal Seleucides alba ; P. cirrhata and P. magnifica, the same as Diphyllodes
speciosa ; P. superba, which is Lophorina atra ; Paradisea sexsetacea [P. sexdennis), now composing the genus Parotia ;
P. regia ; P. aurantia, now the only species of the genus Xanthomelus ; P. leucoptera, a made-up bird ; and
P. gularis, which is Astrapia nigra. Paradisea chalybea, also included, is the Manucodia viridis. Species 14.
1811.— B e c h s t e in , ‘ K u r z e U e b e r s ic h t a l l e r b e k a n n t e n V o g e l .’
A list of fifteen so-called species is given, similar to previous ones. None are described for the first time ;
P. sanguinea, of Shaw, is renamed rubra ; and P. sexsetacea. (P. sexpennis) is called P. violacea.
1811.— Sh aw , ‘ G e n e r a l Zoology.’
The Epimachus speciosus is here called by three different names, and placed in the genus Promerops, viz. P.
striatus, P. superbus, and P. paradiseus, all of which must become synonyms of the name bestowed upon the species
by Boddaert.
1815.— P a y k u l l , ‘ N o v a Acta S o c ie t a t is S c ie n t ia r um U p s a l ie n s i s .’
Æluroedus crassirostris, first described as Lanius crassirostris. Species 15.
1816.—V ie il l o t , ‘ N o u v e a u D ic t io n n a ir e D ’H is t o ir e N a t u r e l l e .’
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus described as Pyrrhocorax violaceus. Species 16.
1819.—V ie il l o t , ‘ N o u v e a u D ic t io n n a ir e D ’H i s t o ir e N a t u r e l l e .’
In the genus Promerops, among various species of birds, Vieillot here includes some species of Paradise-birds of
the genus Epimachus and Ptiloris. The P. magnificus is named Le Promerops proméfil [Faleinellus magnificus) ; and
Epimachus maximus is called Le Promerops à paremens frisés [Faleinellus superbus). A figure (uncoloured) of each
is also given.
1820.—K u h l , ‘ B e y t r a g e zu r Zoo lo g ie u . v e r g l e ic h . A n a t o m ie .’
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus redescribed as P. holosericeus.
1822.—L a t h am , ‘ Ge n e r a l H is to r y of B ir d s .’
A long list of twenty supposed species of Birds of Paradise is included in this author’s account; but no new
ones are added, which is just as well, as they could not be credited to him, since he only uses English nomenclature.
Some are founded upon drawings, others upon evidently manufactured specimens, and some on incomplete
descriptions. Nearly all the true species known at the time the work was written are included.
1825.—T e m m in c k , ‘ P l a n c h e s C o lo r ié e s .’
Sericulus melinus is described and figured as Oriolus regens.
1825.—V ie il l o t , ‘ Ga l e r ie d e s O i s e a u x .’
Very fair figures of P. regia, P. sexpennis, P. atra, P. sanguinea, and Astrapia nigra are given, the last three
called respectively superba, rubra, and gularis.
1825. SwAINSON, IN THE ‘ ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL.’
Ptiloris paradiseus is first described; and Sericulus melinus is renamed Chrysocephalus. Species 17.
1825-1839.—J a r d in e a n d S e l b y , ‘ I l l u s t r a t io n s o f Or n it h o lo g y ,’ 4to, vol. ii.
Ptilonorhynchus [Chlamydodera) nuchalis described for the first time. Species 18.