GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT. COMMON HEMP-NETTLE.
GALEOPSIS Tetrahit; caule hispido, internodiis superne incrassatis, corolla galea ovata rectiuscula
integerriraa. H I Hfl J
GAT FOPSIS Tetrahit Linn. Sp. PI. p.810. Huds. Angl. p. 257. Light/. Scot. p. 3 \0 . With. Bot.
GALEOPSIS Fl. Dan. t. 1871. Hoffm. 5 c rm e d .S . ml. 1. P . II.ƒ .9 -
mild. Sp. PI. ml. 3. p. 92. Smith FI. B n t. p. 629. I H I m I M M
Fr. ed. 4. ml. 3. p. 544. FI. Gall. Syn. p. 224. Pers Syn P I. ml. 2. ». 22. gM B | Kew. ed. 2. ml. 3 p. 395. Wahl. FI. Lapp. p. 163. Pursh FI. Amer. Sept. ml. - p. 407.
HooL Fl. Scot. P . l . p .W i .
GALEOPSIS caule hirto, foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis. Hall. H eh . n. 268.
LAMIUM cannabino folio, vulgare. Nettle-Hemp, or rather Hemp-leaved Dead-Nettle. R a n S y n .p .iW .
Class a n d OrW DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
[N a tu r a l Or d e r . LABIATIE, J uss., Decand., Hook.]
Ge n Char. Calyx quinquefidus, aristalus. Corolla labium superius sub-crenatum, fornicatum ; inferius supra
bidentatum.
GEN Ch a r. Calyx five-cleft, aristate. Upper lip of t h e W f a slightly creuate, arched ; lower one with two
teeth on the upper side.
R a d ix fibrosa, annua.
Ca u l is pedalis vel bipedalis, erectus, tetragonus, viridis,
internodiis superne incrassatus, pilis deflexis
articulatis nune nigro-glandulosis hispidus, simplex
vel raraosus, ramis oppositis axillaribus.
Folia opposita, petiolata, ovata, breviter acuminata,
grosse serrata, utrinque, sed subtus prsEcipue,
pilis mollibus sericeis vestita. _ . . .
Flores pallide-purpurei vel albi, capitati verticillali-
que, verticillis versus apicem ca.ulis ramorum-
que approximatis. ^ _ . . . .
Ca l y x tubulosus, hispidus, pilis articulatis, hie illic
glandulo nigro terminals, quinquedentatus, den-
tibus longis, attenuates, aculeato-pungentibus.
Corolla calyce duplo triplove longior; tubo longo,
gracili, sursum incrassato, piloso; labio supe-
riore ovato erectiusculo longe piloso, parum ebn-
cavo, marline integerrimo; inferiore deflexo,
basi bidentato, apice trilobo, lobis lateralibus
paululum minoribus, undulatis vel strictis, inter-
medio lineis purpureis eleganter picto, nunc immaculate,
omnibus retusis.
Stamina quatuor, didynama; Filamenta apice incras-
sata; Anther® didymee, virescentes, verticaliter
dehiscentes, bilabiatte, ciliatse; Pollen flavum.
GErm.en profunde quadrilpbum; Stylus staminibus
subaeque longus ; Stigma bifidum.
Root fibrous, annual.
Stem from one to two feet high, erect, square, green,
Fig. 1. Plant of the Galeopsis Tetrahit, with purple flow«
natural size). Fig. 3. Single purple flower. Fig. 4
Fig. 6. White-flowered variety. Fig. 7■ Segment of t
Fig. 10. Side view of an anther, together with the uppe
Fig. 12. One of the lobes of the anther:— all but jigs.
thickened above between the joints, hispid with
articulated deflexed hairs which are sometimes
terminated by black glands, simple or branched,
with the branches opposite and axillary.
Leaves opposite, pedolate, ovate, shortly acuminate,
widely serrated, every where, but chiefly beneath,
clothed with soft silky hairs.
Flowers pale-purple or white, growing in heads and
whorls, the whorls crowded together upon the
summits o f the stem and branches.
Ca l y x tubular, hairy, the hairs jointed, sometimes terminated
with a black gland,five-toothed, the teeth
long, attenuated into a sharp and pungent point.
Corolla twice or thrice as long as the c a ly x ; its tube
long, slender, thickened above, hairy; the upper
lip ovate, nearly erect, with long hairs, a little
concave, its margin quite entire; the lower lip
deflexed, at the base bidentate, at the extremity
three-lobed, the lateral lobes rather the sm allest,
waved or straight, the intermediate one elegantly
marked with purple lines, sometimes spotless, all
retuse.
St am e n s four, didynamous; Filaments thickened at
the point; Anthers didymous, greenish, splitting
vertically, bilabiate, ciliated ; Pollen yellow.
G e rm e n deeply four-lobed ; Style hardly so long as
the stamens ; Stigma bifid.
»rs. Fig. 2. Head of blossoms, of the same colour (both
,. Corolla of the same. Fig. 5. Hair from the same.
be calyx. Fig. 8. Hair of the same. Fig. 9■ Germen.
r part of the filament. Fig. 1 1. Front view of an anther.
1. and 2 . more or less magnified.
The most able botanists are frequently at a loss to find words which shall distinguish two p lan tsth atth em o st
common oteerver will at once pronounce to be strongly marked individuals,- and as such deservmg; to rank r»two
distinct species Such is the case with the present plant and the Galeopsis versicolor already figured in this woi%
When th e ^ a re seen growing together, as they commonly do in corn-fields in England, and especially in Scotland
and the highlands of that country, they appear different enough; but when compared by the eye o }
they seem, saving the size and the colour of their flowers, to be the same. Even
which has been considered an important point of discrimination, I do not I K i W l M S find to be constant. As f the upper lip is always nearly erect narrower and flatter, whereas m the
G. ■icr 'simlor it is broader, more convex, and bends down more over the tube of the corolla. ,
The flowers themselves of G. Tetrahit are liable to great variation, particularly in colour, jgBjBjM j i l B l
dish-purple to yellow and pure white; and in the white variety, the lower lip may be observed to be frequently
more or less distorted in its lobes. . . . . . . • ,, ... •
The hairs on the upper part of the stem and on the calyx are in both species terminated witli black shining
glands : in the corolla of G. versicolor I likewise find the same glands to exist, but not so in G. Tetrahit.
8 The older botanists looked upon the two species as varieties of each other. Mr. Curtis first separated them
and his opinion on this point seems to have been universally assented to. G. Tetrahit abounds in sandy or gravelly
C0Sk J am r a E .s T th sp e ak ^oT l vanity of this plant which he found at Mortlock, which has a regularly four-
cleft and salver-shaped corolla, and four equal stamens.