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is also derived from a form of B. Napus. The rape should
be produced here as an agi'arian produce, giving a rapid
return, wherever it should remain free of aphis. The
hardier turnips could be pi'odnced on our highest Alps, as
they are grown still within the Arctic circle, and, according
to Dr. J . Hooker, at a height of 15,000 feet in the Himalaya
mountains.
Bromus asper, Murray.
Europe, North and Middle Asia. A good perennial fodder
grass for wood-regions, but like Eestuca gigantea late in the
season.
Bromus erectus, Hudson.
Em'ope, North Africa. Important as a perennial nutritious
grass for dry limestone regions; much liked by cattle and sheep.
Bromus unioloides, Humboldt.* {B. Schraderi, Kuntli.)
Here called the Prairie Grass. From Central America it has
spread over many parts of the globe. The writer saw it
disseminated in the mountains of St. Vincent’s Gulf as early
as 1847. I t is one of the richest of all grasses, grows
continuously and spreads readily from seeds, particularly on
fertile and somewhat humid soil, and has proved as a lasting
and nutritious fodder-grass or pasture-grass one of our best
acquisitions.
Broussonetia papyrifera, Ventenat.
The Paper Mulberry. Islands of the Pacific Ocean, China,
Japan, perhaps only truly indigenous in the last-named
country. The bast of this tree or sbrub can be converted
into very strong paper. I t can also be used as a textile
fabric; furthermore the fabrics made from it can be dressed
with linseed oil for waterproof coverings. In cultivation
the plant is kept like an osier. Tbe leaves cannot be used
for silkworms. European fabrics have largely superseded tbe
clothing made of this plant in the South Sea Islands.
Buchloa dactyloides, Torrey.'’’^
The true Bufialo-grass of Kansas. Dioecious, creeping, only
rising to half a foot or less. I t is" extremely fattening, but
apt to be suppressed by coarser grasses on places where these
are not trampled out or kept down by tbe pasture animals.
Buddleya Madagascariensis, Lamarck.
Madagascar. Of the numerous species of Buddleya, the
most eligible for shelter copses on account of its great size
and always tidy appearance, as well as vigour and celerity of
growth. I t is ever-fiowering.
FOR VICTORIAM INDUSTRIAL CULTURE. 37
Butea frondosa, Eoxburgh.
The Dhak or Pulas of India. This magnificent tree extends
to the Himalaya mountains, and therefore might here be a
proper one for acclimatisation. I t is very rich in a peculiar
kind of kino. The Lac-insect is also nourished by this tree,
and might be transferred to us with it.
Butomus umbellatus, Linné.
The Flowering Rush. Europe, North and Middle Asia.
This elegant perennial water-plant is mentioned here more
for its value in embellishing onr lakes and watercourses than
for the sake of its roots. The latter, when roasted, are
edible. The plant would live in our sub-alpine rivulets.
Buxus sempervirens, Linné.
The Turkey Box-tree. South Europe, North Africa, South-
West Asia. This slow-growing tree should timely be planted,
to provide tbe indispensable box-wood for wood engravers
and musical instrument makers, as yet no good substitute for
it having been discovered. The box-tree needs calcareous
soil for its best development. Among allied species B.
Balearica attains a height of 80 feet. Other congeners are
B. subcolumellaris, B. Cubana, B. Purdieana, B. citrifolia,
B. acuminata, B. lævigata, B. Vablii, B. gonoclada, B.
retusa, B. glomerata, B. Wrightii, all from West India;
further, B. Madagascarica, B. longifolia from Turkey, B.
Wallicbiana from tbe Himalayas and B. micropbylla from
Japan, but neither of any of these, nor of tbe various species
of tbe allied Indian genus Sarcococca, nor of several species
of the Andine genus Styloceras, does it appear to be known
what relation their wood may hold to that of the true box-
tree, and whether they are more rapid in growth.
Cæsalpinia brevifolia, Bentham.
Chili. The pods of this shrub are extraordinarily rich in
tannic acid, and hence valuable for tanneries (Philippi).
Cæsalpinia coriaria, Willdenow.
Wet sea-shores of Central America. Might be naturalised
in our salt marshes. Colonel Drury states, that each full-
grown tree produces annually about 100 lbs. of pods, the busk
of which, commercially known as Divi-Divi, is regarded as
the most powerful, and quickly acting tanning material in
India. The mercantile price of the pods is from £8 to £13
per ton.
Cæsalpinia Gilliesii, Wallich. {Poinciana Gilliesii, Hooker.)
La Plata States. This beautiful hardy bush can be utilized
for hedges.
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