mates the present number in nearly the same words. If ik-jbe sILow.ables'Jtöfmahe these
data the basis of calculation for the past thirty-fi^e centuries, it will .follow that upward!
of ten millions of Negroes have been brought as bondsmen intó/Egypt’ÉiIriingï 1hat period.
This I regard a reasonable Galc\jlationyÿfopin thè present wasted and depopuifet.ed
condition of the country, the demand 'for servants?ap.d^ slaves muskb^ifar-»héfe>W:what it
was iri thé 'flourishing epodh of the Pharaohs.* '
This vast influx of-^Megroes- into the valley;0fythtójjyfe3must necessarily hajj^J.efR>i.ts
impression on the physicsifetraits of the Egyptians'themselves ; in moder n. tyf$|^aS<s§en
ihithe Copts, and in- mörë distant periods, ag-prbYed’ by the Negroid heads, i-noi^j^hjboth
the configuration and» ëxprë§s?óhjaBetfoo ob»âfl|fto. be mistaken. But it may be'Üitipiiled*
how. does it~happen that,Negroes, or their descendants should be found in the, catacombs,
if they*cbnstituted a menial; br siaye-oaste àïfiEgypt?. In reply,-.it may bg.obserî^ê that
persons'of sthisFraceyhave heen capable, in all ages, of(,ejq\^t|n,gi themselves- to posts of
distinction in3 thejjeast, and especially-ândfpxoyerbially those whhrha^^b^Ifngedjtdîîhà
class of eunuchs, f It issalso important to observe, that ^Qltgna^hJnsxjy.&rO'j tboJE'gyptians
of the |dghts of’theirhffspring, that, they admitted them ,toequal ^privileges with-tkem-
seives,. even when the mother mas a slave '; aindi these'usages^extendefl. to .inheritance, f .
T h o ^ ^ ^ dm g facts, without multiplying more on the same subject, amply ac<nui|fcjfôfc
that interminable amalgamation of the Caucasian and“Negro races'which- ha^he ^ ^ ^ g g .
on to 'ïlf fp t fronP-5®Mmotest times; while they also -explain that iru iclental ^oi-aFefe-
ration of the Neg.ro- caste, to which the monuments and catacombàfahftéébe'ar' witness.
This9blending Of f abeishb'forther illûsfrated'îh- the^presént popul'atiôîFofisNïïbiâ. ' 9p.hu
traveller Borckhardt rémfarks; that-the slaves sent down thë;,Nil4! afid^tho^ty/pa^rted
to’Arabia, bear'bufa^sffiÉ®ldp^î^fs&(înJ to the number kept by the ']®ânomfâed'âh‘s‘bf ' the
more southern 'countries of-Africa^' At Shendy, for èxamplê, ’from oriè tb six’’are seen in
evéry family; and th&custorri prevails asifar as Senaar,' and westward to'Eordofan,!®§r|
fOiir and Bompal- - All the Bedouin- tribes who inhabit'or surround J ^ e ï ^ u ï ï t r t ë |1’fâTè
well stocked: with slcEvesj nor-dees the-number diminish mHhe- very remote pro\ memoir
Houssa anaiim^®mBn;?arfd we are told by the same infôlhgeht-ôbsefvér^ffiaïFfne-result
of thîs'jirbMscüôiis intercoùrse is a mixed progeny, which blends the characteristics o f
the Arab with those of the N egro. §r*
Negroes are-àbundâhtly represented on the pictorial delineations of the Egyptian monuments
W ’ëvèry epoch/1 Oomplexidn, features, aird expression, these and bvery^Atber
attribute of the race,'are depicted precisely as we are accustomed Icf'Se'e theffltimo®ffdaily
walks: indeed, were we'to judge by th e drawings alone, we might suppose them to havejj
, * Clot Bey states the present black population of Egypt to-be twenty thousand; and he adds that Negresses fdrfii the
greater nnSug||ol!women m ïïmó»t.évery harem. Aperçu Générale de l’Egypte,,I p. 329.
| . A passage in Manetho establishes at the same timy tM'Skti^fity âttd the power of eunuchs Ju'Egypt ; for he relates
that king Ammenemes, of the twelfth dynasty, was slain by them. This event'will date, by the received Mroriology,
upwards oflweffiyjiwjf~hundred years B. 'C., Cory, Prag., p. 110. Eunuchs appear, also, to be figured onrthe, monuments.
V id e 'f io l^ m /® C. m ., pri33.
■ J Wilkinson, Ancrent Egyptians, II., p. 64.
§ Notwithstanding this mixture of nations, Mr. Hoskins observes, that;ttre higher classes of modem. Ethiopians
(Nubians,) pay great.respect to the duftractninf! of racé;* *that"ihéÿ êstèem nothing more than a light complexion, which
the petty kings o r ïttàke a prerequisite to the selection o f wives; and that, with this class, 11 all mixture with the
Negro blood is carefully shunned.”,—Travels in Ethiopia, p. 357.
'been execüfe’d.but, yesterday; and yet some of these vivid delineations are nearly three
thousand fiAjrtihundred } ears olfll'Jand, moreover, as if to enforce the distinction of race
b y dirêcraemtrast', th e / are placed side l ó f side with people of the purest Caucasian
features. ■
TmS^il^lfneal ions 'of the ^Niegrb which are supposed to be of the most ancient date
have'Wy y p e -E |||i fcidènmïed with the éraplmto which they belong. Such are those in a
tonm at Thebes%'f:tbe %e of Amontuonch, an"*“ unplaced king;” who is supposed to date
prior' teb-the sixteenth dynasjyr^d* consequently morë than two thousand years before
te rist.* l'h'&e,us,liowdver, a. difference^©MfólMi^this point; but we can refer with
«mfi’d’énc'dc«id certainty^rlie celebrated ‘jErocession” of the agë of Thotmes the Fourth,
I t T W ' M f h ‘ Negroefg are represented as tribute-bearers to that monarch at a
'period ’^hMhldatésfaboutseyenfeen hundred years before our era.f ■;
ïyS'ifr’iG. WilKifiMhIdëscrib^^1 patiufig’in n qatacomb at Thebes of the age of Amunoph
the Thi rd|'MbwMch--th‘at personage, seated on his-thro^éj receives the homage and tribute
’óf’ wrfppHf1 nations,/ - Mffiln^fhese.„are represented several “ black chiefs of Cush, or
Ethiopia,’’’ w 'Mpfeesents'pifsist' óf rings |^ ^ d ,''^ a g s of pieciods stones, “ a camelopard,
p ^ ^ ffir^ ïsk in ^w IdÉ ^ ^ ^ 'n ê fl'b é tië ,, whpsejieads areYstrangely ornamented with the'
jjaMdi# andi'-'hfeads'ibflSiS^rqcst^ f'”'- The author justly adds, that'the latter effigies were
(prbbaB'ly E&tificial'; for-Mhe peopl'd* of Cush wotfid scarcely have decapitated their own
ffé&jtfè töj adorn thëir offerings to a foreign prince : yet at the same time these melancholy
symbols were obviously* ffeli§fied:'-Wêx^ëssrd!ÏLé m'öst-abje?^ self-abasemëiilrafid vassalage.
O-thèr -Negro delineation's 'wMOh^^Kl^-ïid®fltïfi%(f-wifh! ’mè,,agé tb which they belong,
are found on the monumentsofesMorfe®: Bameses the Second, Rameses the Third, &c. in.
various places in 'E g /p t and Nubifij - and'?fhe'1 first’ of these kings, (who dates wiih the
nineteenth* dyuastyl) ’is-represented standing^® a platform which is supported by pros-
ftrate' Naroes. § 1
For the purpose of illustration, vv'e’-sëlëct a 'aÏÊigle-picture from the temple (hëmispéos)
of Beyt-èl-Wailëë, in Nubia, in which Rameses t heJ Sècond is represented in the act of
mamhg'-vvar upon the. Negroes; whs, overcome with defeat, are flying in consternation
b e fo fe » « ^ |j From the multitude* of fugitives in this scene, (which has been vividly
copièmf®® Champollion [| and Rosellini, and-'whiSh-I have compared in both,) I annex a
iacrüïnfiie’^gÈoufSSof'nine heads, which, yvhle'^they preserve the national features in a
remarkable degree, present also considerable diversity of expression.
Rosellini, Appendix, No. 13.—Wilkinson; Ancient Egyptians, V o lijin ./^
'^ Ä is k in s , Travels in Ethiopia. ^Procession, Part First.
X ifapography of Thebes,, p. .136.
§ Chaippollibn, Monumefis de l’Egypte, Plate CX. \
^M^iâbÿ^ÂÉmpollion, Monumens de PEgypte, Tomi & Plate;>LX&K' IjXXIL; and Rosellini, Monumenti, M. R., Tay»
LXXV. A glance at these illustrations will-convince any chafe that the slave-hunts or ghrazzies, as now practised by
the Arabs, Tuaricks and Turks, and which are so feelingly described by Cailliaud, and by l)enham and Clapperton,
Weré in active operation, with all their atrocitifesS^m the most flourishing periods o f Pharaonic Egypt