nions which might be cited, prove that the Copts differ greatly among themselves; and
that they are, physically and morally, a mixture of al'l the' nations which- have succès^
sively held dominion in Egypt, or swelled 4ts varied ipopulation—Egyptians of various
castes, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Hebrews, Negroes, and Some others. : Such was, at least
in part, the opinion of Pugnet, (whose memoir I have not seen^Jforhe separates^thefn
«into two divisions; those whose ancestry has been intermixed, and partly of\Greek and
Latin descent, and a class of purely. Egyptian, origin.”* But, after all, perhaps the
traces which are most invariable:^ the Copt are derived from the; Negro; and they: are
manifest in the very bones of the: head and face.
“ The inhabitants ofr;the towns of Arabia and Egypt,’? says Burckhardt, “ are in thë
daily habit of taking in wedlock Abyssinian as well as Negro slaves;’,’f and, in a subsequent
part of his travels, the same intelligent author describes a class of peqpleçihSNubia
who are the direct offspring of this mixture of race, and who seem, from his description
to answer the characters of the Copts themselves. ; «The Nouba, slaves (among whom
must be reckoned those who are born in Senaar of male Negroes and female Abys«jniaifiJ
form a middle class between the blacks and the Abyssinians. Their features, though
they retain evident signs of Negro origin, have still something of what is called regular ;
their noses, though smaller than those of Europeans, are less flat than those of A g r é e s ’
their lips are less thick, and the cheek bones less prominent. The hair ofdoihe # woolly;
but among the greater part it is similarité thè hair ofHuropeans, htitstronger, and alWff/i
curled.” Another, and yet more striking example of the Negroid conformation is%êÖn
m the vast Foulah of Fellatah population of central Africa, which is now spread
region of fifteen hundred miles from east to west, and five hundred miles from north to
s°uth" That theyarè a mixed progeny of Arabs, Berbers add Negroes, no longer admits
of a reasonable doubt. Such is thè opinion of D’Ave’zae and Hodgson, Vater, AdiuMgi
and most other inquirers. “ In the midst of the Negro faces,” observes M. D’Avezac*
“ there stands out a métive population/df tawny or copper colour, prominent-nose, small
mouth, and oval face, which ranks itself among the white races, and asserts' itself^#*!®
descended from Arab fathers ahd Taurodo mothers. Their Crisped hair, even woo%
though long, justifies their classification among the Ouhtric (wöolly-hairëd)-popfdatioü's;
but neither the traits of their features, nor thé colour of their skin, allow them to bé corr-
founded with Negroes, however great the fusion óf thé two types may be.”f These ând
other facts derived from the slave trade, when considered in connexion with the Negro
colonization of Nubia in the reign of Dioclesian, will account^ I may repeat’ not onlyrfo'r
every blending of race observable in that-country, but also assists us in tracidg- tB#brigifi
of the Copte j^ n o t to a period of time^it is true, but to circumstances which haW been :
in-operation forages, and whichlwere once, in all probability, far more active thâû‘4 hëy
are at present. . " ~~v, ■ ; . ] 'y ■ i - ■
By the kindness of Mr. Gliddon I possess three Coptic skiills, two of which aré adult,
and are accurately sketched in the subjoined drawings, (À and B.)
»JMehard, Researches, IÎ., p. 238. f Tra*. injffubia, pi 2X7.
J For ample details o f this interestingquestion, see D’Avezac, Esquisse générale de l’Afrique, p. 65; sud Hodgson Dn
the Foulahs of Central Africa; pijfo f t passim» * ;
In Ateei'cranium1 is -eMmgated; n'arr'ovVdbHtaotberwise mediately1 developed- in front,
withsofiftlieadth andpStSliaessrifirihe P^^Pposteribnjfeg-iohK' The nasal- bones, though
prominent, are^-fbrdad^Stegi^aM^conicave^andi pent jaw is everted1: There is, also,
a re'ma»k.aWe|dfataShceBbet;weenMhe^eyfes5tllTheisfi£'c&lbangle measures 11$ the infernal
capacity 85 cubic inches. o>
lisW^iei.;^fi|.ehdhh'eatd,,KEfe the'.-heads'is'ldn'gsfdn'd n'almWf with a receding! forehead, flat or
con^ve^rasalthoiies, and.^ho'ntjsevertedeuppei*ttnitxilla.ii Facial angle- $11^Internal capa-
c ity 77 cubic in ches. i I
A>g%M'0dl(»ttv,these3 1wotcEapip|j^fesatisfycany b®e th a t they possess, in degree, both the
hppfprBi^tionfandie}^jessi’ore'0fi<dib>]^®eSifflj|ft
«jg^&eLfehird;skull]; 'thiytiqfii^y oli'm^ofittw o'years!ofl.agp ifrioiffc sp*c>Dd^iit general form with
Jtue pd-ceding, ltHcfut lira A fri^ n ^ h ’aTacTcri^tics' < [uite^so obviously'expressed.
Itct-herefbreVfol'lw^'froin allllh'eT'evid'eincp“Sve ipossess' in relatio^H the C’opte; that, as
a people theyipafftike sensiMy^Sdfsometttril^^^Wfo^N’e^-o 1 in eager p d 5
^j.An-Jn&pftcti(hf<dfotheiroyal^okfaits^®^v^inVrR0seIl'bii!^shldws>"s«whrSifeBLeads,whicfr‘
forin ;i,'those*-- f^ ^ |rn 'p li||flg S b h a k o if- S^ff'irhaka, ofhHei •
'J l i tl ^ j ^ d y n a s ^ a ld |f 0^bl4e^gehm^Metumiva(,«dffiani4 ^ 1it3k ^ o cM 'r (Tlate^XIVi.^<’‘f The
salnetliaeaWents,?lth,oug?h; - in less degrcCf afe' 'also obvio^siM the^ effigtes'-oPShishonk
(Siishafc)-and Osorkon II., of Abe a few1 otheWoJ^diflerent'
periodsjofatime1. , I wishdfe'to be ju-nderStobd^la^d^iot' say*these' sovereigns ’wete'bf
Coptidline^py- but merely that their-;physiogtfomy, as expressed oiMhe monuments, has
the Coptic? character.. The -history*offdhe?'Copts: remains ad enigm'adinl Egyptian'' eth-
-n'qgrapKyw -i' < J > < i
S tHe •kuiiANsP1'-'1-
11- seems necessaryain furtherp a ^ a tiomofiAhl^ ^ ^ d ^ ) submits few'additional facts
B D H H in r6%eMeMto Jh^Berbers, pp patent; in habitants of. Nubid, in'orddn fo
show. S^ k | ^ativfoposgii)h.MtKeTanci^txodcunan1sgl:thafr;d6nnfdy^ As thmcelebrated
Burcfel^^^.'g^hem iujaJrno^ejaciy we shall ^mB^coaifenit ourselvestwith his
grafiW^^hneation^. Tlm_BeFbers',,sd15iShe^^^^ldrk-re;d^biio$$5ijibQri$plexion; “which-;
a slave,from |M)itesSinia^fe connes flig h t br%wn,-in thesofeldienand if from
the^Negfo?e^Ui^me^eMS^pelyadark j^ ^ ^ fe a ^ n y e s j a^nohaif^allr;those of-, the Negro,
the face^ being, oval, thqnole oftenipeHectlwGrc'oian^ndi'tfief clie'e^-bcfnesjnot prominent.
The upper lip, how events squIcw fiat thfeker thab.is*considered beautiful among northern
IS