ed like those of the adult male, but less bright in colour:
under parts dull white ; legs, toes, and claws, black.
A young male of the year, killed near London in September,
and then changing his plumage, having obtained in part
the darker coloured feathers by which the male bird is distinguished,
has the beak black, no white mark over its base ;
the head, neck, back, and wing-coverts, dark hair brown, as
in the female, the latter edged with yellowish white ; primaries,
secondaries, and tertials, black; the latter margined
with white, but these edges are not so broad as in the adult
male : the markings of the tail-feathers precisely those of
the old male, and black and white ; chin and under tail-
coverts white; breast, belly, and flanks, dull white, tinged
with pale brown.
A male killed in the spring, immediately on the arrival of
the species in this country, has the beak black, with a conspicuous
white mark above its base; head, including the
eyes, neck, back, and greater wing-coverts, a mixture of
dusky and pure black ; rump and upper tail-coverts smoke-
grey ; primaries dusky black; smaller wing-coverts smoke-
grey ; greater wing-coverts and- tertials broadly edged with
white; tail-feathers nearly black, the outer ones edged with
white, as-in the adult male first described: all the under parts
pure white. This bird I believe to be in change to his
first breeding plumage, and was obtained in Tunstall Valley,
near Wearmouth, Durham.
The young male killed in September is represented in
the lower figure of the illustration at the head of this article ;
the male killed in spring is the subject of the upper figure.
INSESSORES.
DENTIROSTRES.
MERULIDJE.
TH E COMMON D IP P E R .
Turdus cinclus, Water Ouzel, P enn. Brit. Zool. vol. i. p. 398.
Sturnus „ „ „ Mont. Ornith. Diet.
Uj B ewick, Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 126.
Cinclus aquaticus, The Dipper, F lem. Brit. An. p. 66.
European Dipper, Selby, Brit. Ornith. vol. i. p. 172.
Water Ouzel, J enyns, Brit. Vert. p. 98.
>t M Gould, Birds of Europe, pt. vii.
„ Cincle plongeur, T emm. M an .d ’Ornith. vol.i. p. 177.
Cinclus. Generic Characters.— Beak of moderate size, angular, and higher
than broad at the base ; straight, compressed, and rounded near the end : the
point of the upper mandible slightly curving downwards to meet the point of
thé lower one. Nostrils basal, lateral, placed in a depression, cleft longitudinally,
partly covered by a membrane. Wings—the first feather very short;
the second not so long as the third or fourth, which are nearly equal. Feet—
three toes before and one behind ; tarsus longer than the middle toe ; the lateral
toes equal in length ; the outer toe slightly connected to the middle toe.