T he P oste I FftONTAlS. / .
Nearly all the posteiior part of the orbit is closed by these bones; they are externally convex with
deep strife, within tlic orbit ratlicr concave. Their extreme anterior processes, which overlap the
anterior frontal and the jugal bones, are rounded and sharp. They have beliind an attenuated squamose
edge.
Connexion. Posteriorly with the temporal and mastoidean bones, anteriorly with the jugular and
anterior frontal bones, and above with the parietals.
T he .Jugular Bones, g.
Tliese inconsiderable boites close tlie orbit at its inferior and posterior part; they are rounded in
their middle and end behind in ajialtencd articular apophysis.
Conne.vion. Anteriorly they arc connected with the maxillaries, intcrmaxillaries and lachi-ymal
bones; above and within with the posterior frontal, mastoidean and pterygoidcan bones.
T h e Lac iirym a lia . h.
These bones, placed in the anterior part of tlic orbit, have an inferior spiiwiis process, an inner
concave surface and an upper and an anterior squamose edge.
Connexion. Behind and below to the jugular, maxillary and intermaxillary bones, above to the
nasal and the anterior frontals.
intorvening scmi-lo,,,,- cdg. for the girat fcr.mon, il,c ,,,¡„„1 „ .„ „ [ „ „ r e
and nerves were transmitted.
Connexion. Above it is connected with the parietals. below with the lateral occipitals, and without
to the external occipitals.
T he I nferior Occipital, n.
Tkis lire liko tho lost booe a ,o,y globular form ; w, divido it iuto o„ v .„ ,r aud ,„d
„tenor and y o.to.or iod„ or froooo,. Tho u „ o r tpart of tho ¡„forior occipital ha. tt.o oonca,.
artioolat portions divided by a ridge, tvhieh i. grooved at it. posterior exlromity to support tho spinal
mariow; the ¡«icier surface is flattened towards its edges and slopes downward and foixvard to join the
hick body of the sphenoid bone. The anicrior body is sliarp and triangular, and is firmly wedged
between the posterior condyles of the sphenoid; the i^osicrior ii„ri is composed of an enormous tubercle
for the articulation of the head with the vertebral column.
Connexion. Above with the lateral occipitals. Ixclow and behind with the atlas, and before with tlie
splienoicl bone.
T h e L a t e r a l O c c ip ita ls . o.
Those hones arc oxcoedingly strong, in oharacto, with tho two prooediog occipitals; they have
. « S n V r i W ’V io . „ footorior oondyloid ,rlio,Mlo„. and inlonrol
semi-lunai edge to assist in forming the foramen magnum
in f e r im :“ ::!, a^d “ “ ““ «>
T he T emporal Bones, j .
The temporal bones, situated at the side of the cranium, are somewhat triangular and have a thin
squamose base externally, an apex and an upper and an under side. They present an outside convex,
and an internal concave surface thickly marked ndth inequalities.
Connexion. Behind with the tympana and parietalia, below with the mastoides, and before with the
posterior frontals.
T he Mastoides. j.
Those are much smaller bones than the preceeding; they have an articular end and a thin
denticulated edge at their superior part.
Connexion. Behind and above to the sphenoid and tympanals and without to the temporals.
They also articulate with the external occipital.
T he T ympan, k.
Placed within side of the temporals and the mastoideans and outside the external occipitals are
the tympanal bones; they are small, and have an articular base, a thin flat body and a superior
squamous edge.
Co7inexion, To the internal articular edge of the temporals, to the mastoides and external
occipitals.
T h e P a r i e t a l Bones. I.
These two large bones Form tlie vertex of the cranium, they arc externally convex and concave
internally- Their sagittal suture is plain and smooth, tlieir anterior one serrated and thin, and the
posterior lengtliened out and downward to a denticulated spinous apophysis.
Connexion. Behind witli the superior and external occipitals, before to tlie median and anterior
frontals and without to the temporals.
T h e S u p e rio r O c c ip ita l, m.
This bone is known by its thick globose body ; it forms the posterior paries of the cranium, lias an
upper and a lower part, and two lateral ariicidatory surfaces: The upper portio^i of the superior
occipital presents externally a slight convex slope, the lower two articular spinous apophyses, and an
T he E xternal Occipitals. p.
Í “ flattened articular base, and an“ a nterior spinous apophysis. "toy hnvs „nnsterin,
t j n n p í r í t a l " ; “ “ P“ “' ’ ' “ “ “ 'to ‘to "to « » slo id cs .m l
T he Sphenoid Bone. q.
This hmio piossnt. iiifsriorl, „ J k ,ll.„ d superiori, i „ „ l „ n,„ „ i,h „nmeron.
emmonco. .nd depressions to rocoivo the under stirf.oe of the lobe, of the bt.iii, and t „ , ld „ The
B o Z o r iv i f ' “ " « " ‘‘yreitototl ¡1. its centre, nnd h.s . gipove like th .t of the inferior occipit.l
pote n e r i,. The snpenor .iT.g.In,- h .s . transverse ridge nnd a deep lengitndiii.l groove for the
d iision of the eorebrein from the eerebellnm ,,nd the lodgement of tho pitnitoy gl.od, Tlio imo s i * ,
a 0 0 no. ,0 apophys.s To tho.o oh.raotoristio. we most add a f „ g p ,i ,„ , f ld d i proceeds f ™ f
from the antenor part of tho body to form tho potpondiotilar partition between tlie orbits
Posteriorly it joins tho inferior occipital and mastoides, and bollirai a„d a t ¡1. anterior
acute spinous process the pteiygoid bones. anteuor
T he P terygoid Bones, r.
"to X T X r S g , « to»™ ‘to -to.
j .ig n h “ f ’ t o p '" “''' “’" “ » ‘■"y ‘to "to
T he P alatal Bones. ,v.
' f ‘"to P'totorc»'*’ to™ >»"S “ ‘I “«• tanos, th e , eon,mene, just under the laclirym.ls and
tci minate at the sympiiitic union of the rami of tho inferior jaw
and P‘to'K”""""to‘ "tofore to tho m.xill.ri.s, ioto.on.xill.ries
T he Scler = P lates.
Let tho reader refer to tho fiflh p la te .-T lia t superb head, found by Mr. Gleed at Lymo in 18«7 ha,
every bono m propria po,iii„„ , .„d i|,o .clcotic plates witli a solitary oxeeptioi, continue h. thd.
i i