P R Æ F A T I O. P R E F A C E .
PA R U M'-intércft -reipoblic® lltcraris q u é .prima hujiís:öperis califa
eil'ct, novi (Te. Hoc tantum lè&or.admonendus eft quod ab lp fà pyt? &
eritiá, eiiìs editor mirò Botanices amore fuit :peiYuìfus. Et' qq^eXperi-
•entià tíoílus, claré perípexit, acciirariffimam plantarum defini'tionem
.infinité inter fe dilcrepantium, 1 ..perfeflam earundém notitiam difeeníibus
.rninìmè prffiftare; igitur in voris hafeuit, alte fculptOriá in qpà diu verfatus
fuerat,. fcientiam hanc ulterius promóveré. PoftqöaSi tarn ardui .lab;©ris_
fundamenta jeeiffet, novas vires-et novos ánimos il i uab'at.iaus et favor
>eruditi(lìmorum in re 'botaniefà virorum.' Qaudef maximè auvétc»r., quo.d
in tei patronos ejus ad'numerari poteft celeberrimus 'ipfé;Linnteus, cujus
fyftema ijíuftrare .Opus f f propofitum. „Quantum vero magnus J Ä vie/. |
-diverta bujus ihcepti fpecimina comprobet, qua' infra ab epiftolls ejus
-citan tur, fatis fuperque patefacient.
'Ñonnulli forfan Botanici- hahc ‘ríjélhodúm effe niáncam exifirpent prop-
; -teréa qupd: rariorum ftirpium ■ e^otiparum non exhibet imagines; yerura
diaud temeré id faáum eft.. , Licetenftn pleráque plantasperegrinasin hác
.'noftra regione floreant, paucarum tarnen fruétus aut femina ad maturi-
tatem perveniunt : In hoc cafu prorfus impoffibile iforet eas partes que fol»
JpeCicm oftendunt, delineare. Nec ficca. quidejn herbarunr fpecfinina
bur.c defeítum Yupplere. poffunt ; /q u i a ||f his ñeque color, ñeque partes
fruáifieátioniinfervieptesun nativo ftatu diu permanent; plerpmque etiam ^
utraque brevi corrumpuntur, ut exempli gratiá; fepe accidit N cétariis,
Glandulis, Veficuli§5ììPubefcentibusi>‘&c.
H in e c la re p ate t u tilitW éxHibendi div e rfo rum ordin um charaéteres a
\p la n t is ufitatiorib'us de fùm p tò s , ab iifq u e q u arum partes fruéUficationis
fa tis fun t confpicuffi, quoniam ad hu ju fm o d i p lanta s fém p e r ' fa c ilis e ft
'ád ituSi quffi ideo cu iq u e Botanices iftudiofövlonge m e liu s aptanturi - -
In his chartis tabulai cláffium atque ordinum ita dilponühtugÄ fperare
liccat Ty ronera Bofánicum, diftindtara exinde .et perfeétam fyftematis '
Linn.reani ideara concipere poffe. ,In iftum finem nop ■ modo partes fruc-
tificauonis, verum etiam figura et diftributio foliorum fummà cura depin- '
gunturj' -quorum tot fpeciifuna occurrunt quöt amicorum et patronorum
i diligentia ptítuit fuppeditare. Pauci quidem-ordine? daffnim quarundam
plant'arüm omit-tuntur, utpote quasin ftatu perfetto infpieere non licuit
. Nec fané sequum videbatur-iftas'plantarum imagines tanquam veras ac
•genuinas divulgare quarum, exemplaria prima muítum vitiabantur injuriá
itemporum. |
Quamvis auáor feti potius artifex hujus operis non fine magno di-fpen-
«dio atqúe improbo multorum annorura^l^ore^^ finem id perduxerit : filie
tarnen non párum lsetatur qtiod hcec ftudiorum fuorum- progenies primuráA-
in.hoti-re'mo prodiit, ubi fcientia natufalis prafertim vero:. botanica fuc- I 'deffu tam^fffilici excölitur. Dura literarum monumenta durabunt, illnf-
; triffimus Raius, patria decúsy ínter ilios humerábitur qui fcientiam natura
impr-imis amplificarunt. At pon folum' propter ftudium rèi herbaria ex-
tollitur Anglia-, ob culturam quoque plantarum apud- exteras gentes nec
immeritó?»laudátur. Id hoxtus Kewenßs magnifico plantarum penm
locupletatus. Quid opus eft memorare multorum óptimatiutn hqrtqs aut
etiam privatorum hominum, tanta rariorum plantarum varietáte inftrudos
et ornatos, quanta/apùd; alias Europee gentes ne in hortis publicis con-
fpicitur..
Si aliquot errores typographici in hoc libro notentur, maximè fi in or-
thographiä Anglicaná áliquandb peccetUr. haud dbbium eft quin candidas |
lcétor, feriptóri peregririOi veniam äaturus fitv Plantarum vero delineati©
tarn exquifitá cura- eft.elaborata, ut auáor fumma fpe tenetur, §ruditor-
jjm .approbatiónem confequendi quod votoru’m-fuoruiìi hfiis .eft e t terrain us.
I # :js o f little Confequence to the Public to be informé d Of the Motives
j | Which fuggefted the Tdea o f this Work; fuifice h,therefore to fay, that |
-an early Inclination "to Botany was >fhe Author’s •principal.Inducement.
Fie had experienced, in the Courfe o f that Study, the Infuffieiency o f • ;
the moft accurate verbal Deferipfi^: for conveying .tp th e Mind an adequate
linage of the Infinitely various Gbjeás in the vegetable- K ingdom ; ^:
and he was afluated with a Defite of rendering his, Profeffion as an ,
Engraver, fubfervient to the Cultivation of his favorite Science. Soo.n'
after he,had formed'the Delign of. this arduous Undertaking, he had the . '
Pleafure to find it approved by .-fome of the moft diftrnguiilied Perfons
in this Country for botanical Knowledge^ and it Is with peculiar Satif-
faélion that’thé Author can enumerate among his "Patrons the celebrated
Linnaus, whofe Syftem was the Defign o f this Undertaking to illuftrate,'-
, and who repeatedly exprefied his Approbation o f the Specimens which
he had feéh o f the Work ; as will appear from the fubféqúetít Extraifts.óf
•his Letters. | ■ : ■
The PlanVóf this Wotjc may, perhaps'^ Be confidered as defeflive, by
foine Botanifts, as not including a Reprefeh'tation o f the more rare and
curious Exotics; but it is, to be hopedi-that, on mature Refleétion, -they
w ill acknowledge the Propriety of fuch a'£onduét. Thpugh many of
.thbfe Exotics often flower in the Climate of this Country,, few ever attain
to thp Maturity that- is iequifite for producing 'Fruit or Seeds ; and with-
‘ out arriving a t this Stage of vegetative Progrefs, itris impofftble -to copy |
-from Nature the Delineation o f the Parts which 'alone are cháraéteriftic
o f the Species^ >Tb have attempted tp. flvpply this Defed by.; a Rcco,uffes; -
to dried Specimens, would have been in vain^s for in a Rortus-ficcm, neither
Colour nor Shape of the Parts 'of .Fr,unification long remain in their
' native State : nay; many o f them will, , in a very (hort Time, be .irt-eco-
'verably ^raiteratedi fuch, forlnffance, are the Nedaria, Glandules^. Ve-
. .fieles,. Pubes, 6cc. ' - \ ^
' Excluffve o f tliofe great Incdnveniencies,, there is an evident, Advantage .
in exhibiting the Charaders of" the feveral Orders- in fome. o f the mqft ;
' cbmmon Plants, and thofe likewife in which the P a r t s ® Frudification '
.are mpft>diftind'j becaufe the Accefs- to fuch being always.-.the eafieft,
_ Tthey'were the beft,adapted to-accPmmodate th e -SituátiPn q f every Learheri
‘It is hoped that fheffables of tne Claffes. and Orders are arranged in
-fuch a Manner, . as, with the Plates and Explanations,;' W’ill afford the
."young Student a diftind and perfed Idea o f the Linnaian -Syftem,. For- .
-éthis Purpofe the minuteft Attentióndiás;ljeen given, not only to exhibit-
with Accuracy the Parts of Frudification'jlput likewife’'to delineate the
i Figures and Diftribtition of thfe Leaves; of which as ,many Specimens are
reprefcnted, as the united Affiftance of the Author’s botanical Friends and
Pat robs •'could enable him to procure. 4T,hat‘a few Orders of^'thé .Claffes of
fome Plants are omitted, was owing to the Ir|®.oflibility.Qf obtaining'them
' in a perfed State • it feeming‘m'óré~proper to leave them withput Delineation,
than to deliver a Refemblance^asiácéurate, which could only be go/
■pied.frSm an Original that had'fuffered the Injuries.of ,Time.
After great Ex pence, and. an unremitting A pplication o f feveral Years,
which has been beftowed on this W ork, the Author (or more properly the |
Artift) has the Satisfadibn to think that.it is publiihed in a Country where
Natural Knowledge, and Botany in pafticular, has. been_cultivated w ith ún-/
common Succefs. As long as, the Annals o f . Literature remain, the Name
:,o f \Ray will be .diftinguiihed as one o f the moft celebrated Improver's of tbeA'
Science. But it is not for the fyftematic Cultivation alone o'f Botany,( that
England is renowned; it is equally well known for its many princely
Colledions' of Plants in the Royal Gardens at Kew, and thofe of feveral
- o f the.Nobility, r Even the 'ColldSiíionS 'o f íome private Perfons exceed-
many of the public Gardens of Europe. j§|
Such typographical Errors as may be foilnd in ..the'jExplanationst’ and
the .Overfigbts in tjbe Englifli Orthography,, it, is'h o t dou.bted,;.|h|t the
candid Reader will be difpofed to .pardon -in a Foreigner.- With Refped
to Accuracy of Delineation, the entertains the ftrongeft Hopes/
that his labtiious.Wprk-will méet with that Approbation whicfii -‘it lias
been his -Endeavour and. Wilhes. to obtain.
Viro Do. Jqh: Miller.
I. C a r . Y . L in ñ e .
0s - U ]& tua amicitia ad me mifit die 4 ©dobris ultimi, aecepi die 1 Februarii
hujus anm, pro quibus gratias ago^habeoque maximal. .
... . Tabulas tuas ftupendas pulcbritudinis opus-, mi rat-us. fiam.nec vidi unquam- pulchri-
orcs. ' Anatomiam partium frudificaponis nullus niortalium tam vivide, tamqüe •
accurate .éxpofùit^ Theobro'mam anguftam habeo, etdeferipfi_dudqm: Ficus fruéii--
ficationem graphics delineafti ; ego numquam ipfe in meis'vidi antheras; fed novi
fcxum .triplici modo obfervatlim in ficu fyill'e. Examinabo etiamnum, .dUm floret,
Hoc opus riïàgis illuftrat meum lyflen cpntum alia, hoc-1
tuum ftivhium devotlflimum. ?'
Opere tuo magitificentiflìmo.documentum amicitiæ tuæ in me fummum reliquifli,
pro quo te dum vixero fandiflìme eolam. - -. ;
. Vale, vir amiciffirne, At'ií^.tuüm-e ffe .U p fifU ® . 1 ^.7 3 . Die 8 Februarii.-
jimieißmo JííóM. 1 l l e r o . .
S.p.l. Ç^.r.'V. L innç. '
A N T E- ménfem mifi ad-te'"literas per illuftriflimum Dr.,Fotkergillium, quoniam,,
i i tuadomus.Londini,.(addreíTe) e memoria excidérit.,
^ H o d ie tuam habeo epiftolam Londirio, d ie ,i8.'Januarii, <quod'nullum a me habuifli
réfpóhfum^^ ad tüasl>raas epiflolas datas., , ' | | ; / - . ' , l . - v
Tab u las D o .,iGú/m trad itas rite aec ep i paulo ante finem^anni, neo an tea , q u o d in
literis fu b D r. Fotliergill/agnoyj e t g ratias.-eg lir_ A I I
Ne credas pro, me fore ita ingratum,.’Ut oblivifcerer tui, qui me tot honoribiis ‘
-amreitiseque documentis madafll; .ut vix ullus.pluribus, et pro quibus dum^ refpiro
in tuo sere fum Tabulae tusé, tarn pulcHr# funt, ut.nullas nnquam viderim/pul-;;
¿hrapres. 4
Dabám Upfalise 1 7 7 4 . Die 1 8 Febftiarii.
Viro diltciißmo Do, Joh: M il-le r.
; p . I. C a r . V . L in n e .
CDM Do. Gahn in patriam reduce paulo ante ferias nativitatis Chrifti, néc
- vàntea, accepi aurea tua dona. Tabulas puro, ìlterius iafciculi, quibus lìmiles
¿.òumquàftr orbis vìdit, ftve fpedes florum anatomiam. Ave totius .plant» icònem e t ,
^ B r o 'h is òmnibus acTingulis devotiflimas reddo gratiarum adipnes Dicas, mihi
. titulum libri hujus Ut,queam eas fuis lócis allegare, qux,- f i .unquam, ullse, àU e^ ri; ,
tnerentur. . • , • . - .- ~
Grates etiam reddo prò femimbus quse proxima aitate pie, fa vitem Deus, ex-
hilarabunb - Upfalise 17 74 . Die 10 Januaru.
Amiciffimòfw Dò. Joh: M i l l e r ç |î
■Sip. /. C a r . V. L in n e .
A C C E P I -literas tuas datas 20 Jùnii, candidiifimo tuo.affedu, in me amore, -
fudanteS; utinam poflèm aliquq' teflimonjo teftari, _quaiïti te faciam.
Donum tuum operis inimórtalis chariôris veniet preiio. quam, -ut id remunerare-
väieafn. 'Figuræ ènirn funt et pulçhriorcs et accuratiores qpam ullæ quas-yidit mun-
dus a condito orbe.
Upfalise 1 7 7 5 . Julii 2 5 ; ,
E X P L A ’' N A T I O ' X X / r f C L A S S I - U M , E X P L A N A T I O N o r t h s X X H l C L A S S E S ,
;> M " G O M P R E H 'E # ì f /N T
E 'M *E r IM P L A N T A f R U M.
S Y S T E M A fexuale,. ficuti a Linnao inventui^||t in ufum
virorum reirbotanicze iludioforùm publici juris faéìum ; nititur
partibus jruBifcationis Ma s c u l i s et f e m i n e i s .- Per frudifica-
¿onem'li*gni&Gantur flos et difponuntur fecundum
jiumerum, proportipneni,, et f i t i S / a w piJìiÌìofùfn.%ùp, vel
S t iu s organorum mafculi feminzequè.
Brevitatis^gr.atià ad exprimendamsejji^^©^^^111» auxiiium pe-
tivitia jinguà Gr-ieca. Ideoque' vox Ai^dri/E ad titaxitim, .relata'
flamini applicatur ; et ^ y #iA :iUtjmmem, piilillo. / St-amen
conila’t ex duabus- partibus. i 0, Priòr pars,. F i l amentum,; eà eft
qu* antlìeram.I ¿°- .Altéra;tpars, Ant;kera, ea, eft q,uje
fert pollinem,. Èèl ferinam ftecundantem, a qua piMru^&l:gcr-
men impfe'gnatuT. '
Im p r im i s ,' " P i s |t i l 'i ! u m r c o n f t a t e t r iB u s p a r t i b u s ; f c il i'g e t
G e r m i n e v e l em b r y o n e , f u t u r i f r u é t u s . A 2 | v !S t a t t o l i t
f t i gm a . 3 ° - S t t g m à t e v e l fu m m i t a t é , ' qu z è t e g i t u r h u m id i t a le ,
' e u j f i q p e d i f f o lv i t u r f a r in a f z e c u n d a n s a n th e r z e 5, h o c ^m p d ó
v iv i f i c a t io n i a p t a r e d d it u r r -
• ' Tituli et Ordines X X IY Glaffium, funt dèfìneati ut in hoc
òpere, cum nóminibus-plantàrum in unòquoque. ofdine.-
M O N A N D R I A òònxì^et O R D I N E S II,
Stamen unicum in fiore hermaphrodite, .
R H 9 R 1 B MONOGYNIA “ U n r Canna.
Claffis .1. j 0 rd i n . DlGYNXA J I Blitum.
D I A N D R I À coNTiNET ^ RfD* I N E S ' III;"
Stamina duo in fiore hermaphrodito.
f„Or,d.„ I. M 0N i^Y N IA —1 TMonarda.
©li II. 4<QW' II. D I S T I A — }"e. è ’.4 Anthoxa'nthum.
[ ò f f l l I L T R IG L IA ; —J IPiper.
T R l A ^ ^ R I A l ) I N I -, HI
Stamina tria in fiore hermaphrodito ' .
fOnd. I. MGNiipYNIA • ■ —p i p i ; ■j?Croous.1
;Cli''Ìfl. >j Ord. » È - D I G Y N I A - >e. "g.<'Avònna.
M t n H g l I / # r Ìg ^ N ia - a B A Y.. I M 9 H ;
T E T R A N D R I A ¿o n t in e t - O R D IN E g | I I I .
Stamina quatuor in eodem fiore cum fruStu. ,
• (Si fiamina duo próxima breviàra funt, referatur ad Gil XIV.).
f’Ôrd. I. MONQGYNIA fDipfacu«.
C lM ® il{O rd . II. DIGYNIA g .,-| Hammamelis.
H l r d . II I. TETRAGYNIA — J [Totamogèton: •
P E N T A N D R I A Â ^ i î î e t O R D I N E S V I .
Stamina quinqué in fiore Hermaphrodito.
' '(G rd . '% ^ ^ ^ I G G Y N I A (Nefium:
I Ord. II. DIGYNIA ^ 9 1 ^ 1 Ancfhüm. .
« 1 V I Ord. JII. TRIGYNIA — ( J Tùrnerat ■*? ; '
v ‘ ) Ord. IV. TETRAGYNIA — f ) Parnaffia'.. ,
S p i V. ' PENTÀGYNIA — I / Craffulä.
(O rd . VI. POLYGYNIA J (Myofurus.
T H E '
G E N E R A P L A N T A R U M .
rT " 'H E fexual-Syftem, as invented and given to the World
by Litinatus; is built or founded on the m a l e and f em a l e
Parts of the Frunification. By Frunification- is meant Flower
and Bruit, and is, difpofed according to the Number, Proporción
and Situation tof the Stamemzoi -Pfiillsy, or the male and
femále Organs, '
i f e i f e Sake of Brevity of Expreffion, he has had Recourfe
to the Greek Language. A n d k i á , a Hujhahd, he has applied
to the -Stamen; and G y n i a , a VFife, to the Piftill. The
S t a m e n cóhfifts of two Parts. The ift. F i l a m e n t , is that
| | | | r t . which? elevates the, Anther a. 2 d-. The A n t h e r a is the
Paá; that bears ,the Pollen, or Fanna Fzecundans, that impregnates
the Piftill um or Germen
Firft, "The RisTiLLUM confifts, of three Parts ; the G e rm e n
| § Embryjí'of a fut^é Frmi^ S . The St y l e , which elevates
the Stigma. • 3d.“’'T he 'S t igm a or Summit, which is covered
with a Moifture, that diffolves the Farina Fiecundans of the An-_
tliera;- fitting it for Vivification.
.Titles and Orders of "the X X IV Glaffés, with the Names of
the Plants- in each Order, as are delineated in this Work.
M O -N A 'ÄD ¿ I A cöNtäins II OR D E R S.-
" Cine Stamen in -the Hermaphrodite Flower.
. . /Order I. MONOGYNIA —1_ _ fCaftna,
Clafs I. {o rd , II. DIGYNIA J t Blitum.
D I A N -D R I A III O R D E^R S,
' (two,. Stamens in Itjie Hermaphrodite Flower. / .
I . f I . MONOGp^IA' « —I
Cl. B I Ord. II. ^.DIGYNIA ------ >&. G.-j Anthoxanthum.
7 |« É è ; 111. TRIGYNIA — J (Piper.
T R I A .N D R I-A c ^ t -a in ^ ’|'MI; ’g R ;P - E R S.
&rée Stamens^ in the Hermaphrodite-Flower.
C l. III. J.Ord. II. DIGYNIA }•£. g , | Avenna.
r i G r d / . î « . f ¿M o lIu -gM
. T E T R A ^ D R I A ^ ntains^ ? III O R D E R S.
. ■ Four Stamens in the Flower with the Fruit.
( J f two proximate Stamens are fixrter, let it be referred to Cl. X IV .)
f Ord. S | - MONOGYNIA —I fDipfacus.
C l. - |g :s4 II. * ® i ® § —— p - G .j Hammamelis.
- jlOrH. III. TETRAGYNIA — J LPotamogeton.
P E N T A N D R I A c o n t a in s V I O R D E R S .
Five Stamens in the Hermaphrodite Flower.
■ (Q rd . I. MONOGYNIA (Nerium.
’ r\ Ord. II. DIGYNIA \ Anethum. 4
^ , . > ’:k ^ jO r d . III. TRIGYNIA — I Turncra.
C1‘ V* ] Ord. IV. TETRAGYNIA — f ) Parnaffia.
fte r d . V. PENTAGYNIA — \ [Craffula.
' (O rd . VI. POLYGYNIA — J ( Myofurus.
HEXAN