showing the secondary undulations, the
walls, and the disgregated arrangement
of their calcareous contents, which give
them the appearance of' beaded fibres.
1letzius. Fig. 7. Transverse section of
the matrix of a canine tooth of the
foetus of a Dog ; viewed by reflected light
on a dark ground ; c, capsule ; i, space
filled by the fluid blastema of enamel-
pulp ; e, actinenchyma and internal
stratum of cylindrical cells of enamel-
pulp ; 1, interspace between enamel and
dentinal pulp ; p, external or preformative
membrane of dentinal pulp ; d, dentinal
pulp; Purkinje. Fig. 7. Matrix of the
tooth of a foetal calf at the nineteenth
week; v, vascular basis of dentiparous
grove from which is developed d the
dental papilla or pulp ; it is covered, as
with a cap, Dy e the semifluid enamel-
pulp ; and this is developed from the
inner surface of c the capsule ; to the
summit of which adheres, g, a portion of
the gum, characterized by the epithelial
cells, which M. Serres has described as
the glands which secrete the tartar of the
teeth. Fig. 8. Matrix of an incisor of
a nearly mature foetal dog; c, capsule;
d, dentinal pulp with its summit calcified
and forming a cap of dentine ; e, enamel-
pulp ; i, fluid part of enamel-pulp, next
the capsule. Fig. 9. Part of a transverse
section of the coronal end of the
matrix of a molar of a foetal Calf ;
c, capsule ; e, actinenchymatous part of
enamel-pulp ; e\ elongated cylindrical
cells of enamel-pulp ; next the dentine ;
d, dentinal pulp ; d', calcified portions of
the same. Purkinje and Rashkow.
PLATE 123.
Fig. 1.—Part of a longitudinal section of a
Human Incisor, magnified 230 linear
dimensions, as seen by transmitted light.
t, Dentinal tubes; d., dentinal cells ; d",
terminal opake cellules close to the pitted
surface of the dentine for the attachment
of e e, the enamel. Fig. 2. Portions of
fibres of newly-formed enamel, with intermediate
cell-membrane ; and the marks
e e, on the membrane covering the calcified
parts of the cells. Original.
PLATE 124.
A longitudinal section of an imperfect bi-
cuspis, developed, with hair, in a cyst of
the human ovarium. *Nat. size ; d, dentine;
e, enamel; o, osteo-dentine; v, pulp-
cavity ; c, cement, passing into b, bone,
uniting the fang with d part of the dentine
of another tooth. Original.
PLATE 125.
Fig. 1. — Upper and lower incisors and
outlines of canines, -J nat. size, Wolf
(Canis Lupus). Fig. 2. Upper and lower
canines and molars, ^ nat. size, Wolf.
Fig. 3. Crowns of three last teeth, or true
molars, lower jaw, § nat. size, Wolf.
Fig. 4. Deciduous and permanent series
of teeth, young Dog, from the inside, nat.
size. Fig. 5. Crowns of teeth of left side
of upper jaw of the long-eared Fox (Me-
galotis). Fig. 6. Upper and lower teeth,
left side, of the Proteles Lalandii, d 2 and
d 3, deciduous molars. De BlainviUe and
Rousseau.
In this and all the succeeding plates, the
following letters and numerals signify the
same teeth.
i, incisor, 1 the first or mid-incisor, 2 the
second, 3 the third or outer incisor. In
some Plates the deciduous incisors are
marked d i. c, canine, p, premolars, 1,
first or foremost, 2 second, 3 third,
4 fourth or hindmost, m, molars, 1 first
or foremost, 2 second, 3 third or hindmost.
d. deciduous molars, 1 first or
;foremost, 2 second, 3 third, 4 fourth. The
typical number of teeth in the placental
Carnivora and Vngulata is :—
The teeth that are wanting in the formulae
.'1 which fall short of this number may be
J known, in the figures, by the letters and
».numerals of those that are present.
PLATE 126.
Fig. 1.—Teeth of the Indian Civet (Vi-
Wtverra indica). Figs. 2 & 3. Crowns of last
■»premolar and of the true molars of left
« u p p e r and lower jaws. Fig. 4. Left series
»ab o v e and below of Bennett’s Water-civet
gm(Cynogale Bennettii), showing the inter-
jMjlocking of the crowns of the teeth, when
l i th e jaws are closed. Fig. 5. Crowns of
B la s t premolar and two true molars of
WtCynogale Bennettii. Fig. 6. Teeth of the
i-M striped Hyaena (Hyaena vulgaris), (A nat.
Baize). Fig. 7. Crowns of last two premolars
and of the single molar, upper jaw. Fig. 8.
‘ jCrowns of last premolar and last true
molar, lower jaw. De BlainviUe. Fig. 9.
'»L e ft ramus of fossil lower jaw of a young
S Cave Hyaena (Hyasna spelrn) showing
; the three deciduous molars, 1, 2, 3; and
a fth e crowns of some of the permanent
« 'te e th . Original.
PLATE 127.
Fig. 1.—Teeth of a Leopard (Felis Leo-
pardus), A nat. size. Fig. 2. Crown of
; last premolar (sectorial) and of the single
.molar, upper jaw, of a Tiger, nat size.
H b ‘ Crown of single true molar (sec-
|g toria l) lower jaw. Fig. 4. Left upper
and lower jaw of a young Lion (Felis Leo)
with the deciduous teeth, and the germs
of the permanent ones displayed from the
inner side. Rousseau. Fig. 5. Outline
of skull and lower jaw of Machairodus
megantereon, with the teeth ( j nat. size).
De BlainviUe, after Bravard. Fig. 6. Back
or cutting and serrate edge of the crown
of the upper canine of Machairodus lati-
dens. Original.
PLATE 128.
Fig. 1.—Premolars and molars, left side of
both jaws of the Taira (Galictis barbara).
Fig. 2. Crowns of last premolar and
single molar, upper jaw of Galictis barbara.
Fig. 3. Crowns of the two true
molars, lower jaw of Galictis barbara.
Fig. 4. Premolars and true molars, left
side of both jaws of the Otter (Lutra vulgaris).
Fig. 5. Crowns of last premolar
and of single true molar, upper jaw of
the Otter. Fig. 6. Crowns of the
two true molars, lower jaw of the
Otter, (the second is marked m 1, it
should he m 2). Fig. 7. Dental series, left
side of both jaws of the Glutton, (Gulo
luscus). Fig. 8. Crowns of last premolar
(sectorial) and of the single true molar.
Fig. 9. Crowns of first true molar (sectorial)
and second true molar (tubercular).
Fig. 10. Crowns of premolars and single
true molar, left side, lower jaw, of the
Ratel (Mellivora capensis). Fig. 11.
Crowns of the teeth of the left side, upper
jaw, of a Skunk (Mephitis Humboldtii).
Fig. 13. Crowns of the teeth of the left
side of both jaws of the Indian Badger
(Arctonyx). De BlainviUe. Fig. 12.
Crowns of the teeth of the left side of
both jaws of the Sea Otter (Enhydra marina)
. Original.