A T L A S OF AUSTRALÎA-1886.
line, from Goraldton, niiií about 500 milos novtli from Perth Mud
of the land within the valley of the G«scoyne Riror is of a fértil,
nature, aii<l occ.ipied for pastonil piirposes. Carnarvon forms th(
outlet for a large extent of country, including Grey's Plains on th.
south side of the Gascoyno Bivor, and stretching inland to the ran-e'
winch give riso to that stream and its numerous tributaries. Communieivtiou
with the metropolis is by steamers aad sailing veeeels,
CoTupRi-HtivGly little knd is under c.ltivatiou, as the rainfall
msufficient and imcertain. Settlement has taken place chietiy
connection m'th squatting piii-suits and
COSSACK.-n„ the banks of ,
north from Roebourne, and 770 milos north, in a
Perth, '['lie harbour is known by the names T
AV^alcott, and is the principal port of the north
The industries to which this settlement owes i
pearl and i)earl-shell fisheries. The district is
copper and lead having beeu found. The mean
about 0 inches. Population, 229.
DARDANt7P.-Sitnatod near the left bant
River, about 10 miles south-east from Bunbury
south from Perth. The settlement has
by railway line, which c
ring stock.
il creok, about i
lii-ect line, fi-om
i-Tsin and Port
••estern district.
origin are the
mineral-bearing,
icual rainfall is
>f the Ferguson
and 100 miles
with
a with the metropolis
the cultivation of tho soil,
by way of ]3imbury.
D E E B Y . _ D „ 1 , , , ,1„ .„ „ l i j ¡¡¡„Lrle y
D „ t , , o t . . , t a . , . d . .„¡, .„ .
H.ver, „ml , t tie ,outl, ml of King Som,d. The ]„„„ „f
-,.v.„,, co„l,T ¡0 Ita ,, „ .
the climate, .
year. The fertile
and Leonard Hiv,
within tho last fe^
from the Crow
preliminary stt
have been en
iiises fever antl ague during cerMin seasons of the
nn,l well-grassed pkins on the hanks of the Fitzroy
rs have attracted the attention of pastomhsts, and
• year^, large areas have heen secured under lease
Sheep and cattle were conveyed thither, and the
taken to estahhsh new settleiuent.s. Many ohstacles
_ intered, bat the sneces, of p„t enternris, foreshadow
resnlt, here. Recently, . .„nt io. las been directed
to the locahty th„aghonl Anstnlia, on acconit of it. position with
regarf to the Enrherley Gold-field, It is on. of the points on the
co.ist from winch there is a pr.aoticahle road to the gold-hearing
eonntry. Ther. is no doaht that when the c.p.hilities of tils e«ensive
district for grazing purposes, and the cultivation of the varions
tropical plants h.eon,, hotter know., D.rhy will assun., a position of
son., importanee. The harbour is safe, and suited to the accommo
datton of the largest shipping. The tides have a rise and fall v.„-ing
hetweeu 20 and 30 feet; this causes a very rapid current in the
narrowest parts of the Soand, an.l reude,, it difficult for vessels to
" S m " " " " " •» « " • » ' i . - .
DON(iAEA.-,V seaport for smJl vessels, on the west coast
near L.aader Point, at the n.outh of the Invin Biver, .bout 38 mile;
K,uth from teraldton, and 1 » mil,, north from Perth. The land
on the bank, of the Irwin Hiver is occupied for agriealtuml a.d
pastoral purposes. A cousideraH, .„a is placed nuder cultivation
eveiy year, and the f.rtihty of the soil has led to increase of
j e t t e i ^ n t . The completion of the projected railway En. from
GiidfotJ ,0 the hanks of the Gr.eno.gh Eiver, . . . h i tend towaris
the farther devolopment of the resources of this district
EIJOIA. l-hi, small township is sit.at.d .n the s.nth eoast,
n » r the South A,u„„|i.„ border, a short distanc. west fro.^
Wilson.. Blutf, and about 700 „lies east-north-east from Albany
It IS of considerable importance in comi.ction „dth Australian
telegraphy, being th. point ..her. the line, of the two colonies join
Ihe entry e.teudi.g inland i. .f , ,c,y dry character, b.t i.
occupied, to some cjlont, f„r p.stoml purposes.
r R E M A N T I Z . - F r e m a n t l e , so named after C.ntain
Premantle -ho h.i„rf jjriti.h Jag on th. west eo. t'of
Australia „ IS», . .it....d on th. ..nth side of the entrance to
the ,Swau Biver, being distant from Perth about 13 miles, and is a
c.nmi.rcial e.ntr. .f consider.bl, importauc. Tlie harbonr is open
and n.pi..t.et.d, but plans huv. been matured for its improveme'nt,
and a larg. sun. of money has boon voted to carry these i.to eHect.
Ihere is a long pier, and jetties have been construeted on th. south
side .f the town and also . . th. north side within th. .ntran.. .f the
Swan Biver. A little t . th. east of P.hit l[ar.,uis stands the lighthouse.
The town is well l.id out, the .streets being bread and
m . . „ . c , „ g each other at right angles. Ther. are p L , „ ' ' ,
a.d gardens, for pnrpo.es of reereatien. Many ef the buii'ding. .r^
t . T . , ! r „ . r ' T i ' " ' ' : " " " ' " ' " ' ' " l » " " " » " ! Prop.rti.ns
ar. situatad on th. outskirts of th. town. I| i, coune.ted with Perth
es th. Swan Biver a short distance northeast
from the towni, ou a wooden viaduct. A little hi-rher up the
stream there is the North rr.a.utle Bridge, a timber .tructur,
made by convict labour. local mauuf.cturiug enlerprise is
represented by t.nn.ries, lleur-mills, ie. Th. annn.l rainfall
amounts to about 25 inches. Population, S.ti ll.
GERAIDTOIT.-On th. aonthorn iore of Champion Bay
and a short distance north from the mouth of the Greeuoiigh Biver
It forms the capital of th. Viotoria District, and hes about 02. miles
north from Perth. Th. pert is safe and ccmmodioiis, and ihere is
regi, a, coi.municati.u with Fr.m.iitle by steamer. The di.trict,
whch includes the fertile lauds in th. valley of the Greenoiigh Eiv.,,
18 an extonsive one. The ar.a auder cultivation is limit.d, thci
pnnoipal mdustrie, being sheep-farming and stock-rearing Copper
and lend ar. among tli, .sports, and gold has b. .n obtained i . small
quantitiea. A railway line connects it with Northampton, distant
north about 24 miles. The mean annual rainfall i. about 18 inches,
i Population, 911.
S I U G J H . - A small p.st.l township .n Gmgin Brook, a
tributoiT of th. lloore Eiver. about 23 miles inland from the coa.t
and « miles north, in a direct line, from Perth, ll.l.cap Hill lie,
• to th. smith, and Ou. Tree Hill to the n.vth .f th. t.wn Much of
the land in the di.trict is of a fertile character, and is settled upon
for agrienltuml and pastoral purposes. Population, 07
» K E E N O T O H . - T h i . settlement is .ituatoil on the .ea-coast
on the flat, between the Greeuough and Irwin Biver. a few mlleii
sonth from Ger.ldton, and about 212 miles north from Perth The
district IS essentially an agricultural on«, the land being well suit.d
to the growth of wh.at, and oth.r produce
The soil
alhivial character, and its fertility has led t(
the settlement of i
considerable rural pcpulatiou. The completion, „„ure o. the
projected railwiiy line from Guilford t . th. banks of th, Gre.uough
Blv.r, would tend tow.rds th. mor. rapid d.velopni.nt .f the
» . . l i r e , , o au imm.us. tract .f very rieh .„untry. The production
ui wool and rearing .took al.o engage attention. The mean annual
rainfall i. about 20 inehe,. Population of di.trict, 1,76S.
e U I L D F O K D . - S i t u a t cd on the left bank of the Swan Biver
a . th. .O.I1U..C. ivith it of th, Helena Biver, th. form.r beiug th^
north.rn, und the latter the southern boundary of th, towm It is a
station on the Eastern B.ilway line, about 8 mile, north-east from
Perth. The land on th. banks of this part of the Swan Biver and
It, tributary .treaas, is of a fertile chancier, and i. occnpiei for
agriealtural pan,..,.. Potatoes and hay at. among the principal
prodnc ,. Th, grape giws r.atlily, and attached to many of S i .
settlei., homestsads are vineyards. The Swan and Helena Bivers are
hero .ro...d by good substantial bridges. The mean amiual rainfall
IS aboat 32 inches. Population. 52!i.
K I I l I E i : i ! , I , i ;Y GOLD-FIELD.-Th, iaig. tmct of eonn
east and west aero,, the wateiied, on the slope, of ivhi.h are I l d
the pi no,pal source, of these stream,. Thi, part .f the colony ha,
j e n t y come prominently into notice on accon.t of the tli.coveries
of gold ,u „veral part, of it. The pro,p,ct of it. becoming
loeaht,. Jte resalt, though disappointing h. som. „.peels, cmiuol
be regarded a. a dahnite test of the capabilities of the district
It IS not improbable that, niitil better means of com
been established between it and the varioua comnn
Australia, the resoarces of tlihi section of the colony
only undev.lop.d, but ahno.st unkuomn There is nt
inducements to .ettlemeiit of a permanent chiiractei
thai the chance, of a township being eventually f,
rial centres of
.ill remain not
doubt ihut the
- - •; f "vag cveatuaiiy lormed from tho
rush ar, not proai.ing. Situated within the tropical part of th,
con.in..t. It isvmy hot in summon , bnl, regarded a. a whole h
climate i, aot nnhealthy. There is .very reason to anti.ipal, f Z
p - „p,ri.nc= in th. oth.r Oo. i . . , that the great past .„| industry
• H at no distant date, .mbr.ce the large tra.ts of fertile c.unl..;
Biver, a tributary of the Blackwood. It is on the ma , I the
former, and 93 miles north-west from the latter toNvn The
district ,8 both agricultural and pastoral, the principal products being
wheat, barley, hay, and wool. Ifaoy of the settlers a « engaged in
roaring stock. Population, 04. °
W E S T E R N AUSTRALIA.
MANDURAH.—Situated on the novth-east side of the narrow
passage leading into Peel's Inlet, about -10 miles south from Perth.
The abundance of fish in the estuary of the Murray Eiver, has led to
the establishment of a fishing station iu the vicinity, and a small
shipping trade.
MOUNT BARKER.—In the Plantagenet District, on the
main road from Perth to Albany, and near the peak of the same
name. It lies about ^15 miles soutli-east from Perth, and ¿r, niiles
north-north-west from Albany. Rearing stock and sheep-fai'ming
are the principal industries of the surrounding district,
NEWCASTLE.-Ui, the left bank of the Avon Eiver, near
tho coufluonce with it of the Boyagerring and Toodyay Brooks,
ttbont 13 miles north-west from Northani, and 45 miles northeast
from Perth, A short distance to the north-west of it is the
small settlement of Toodyay. Agricultural and pastoral pui-suits
receive attention. The mean annual rainfall is abo\it 18 inches.
Population, 208.
N EW NORCIA.- settlement in the Mctoria District, on
the left bank of tho Mooro Eiver, about 16 milos south-east from
Koojan, and 70 miles north-north-east from Perth. The main road
from York to Koojan and the northern towns passes through it.
There is a mission s
tion in this p'
during recent yeais, advaneemei
there is but little doubt that, at
of the western colony will take
commercial centres of Australia,
The climate is regarded as bei
the heat is sometimes oxce
Pahr. iu tho shade; but the
has become more rapid, and
) distant pmod, the chief city
prominent position among the
•ery healthy ; during summer
eveu exceeding 100°
lining poi of the year is genial
The following table illustrates the pr
around Perth, as observed from 187Ü dow)
AUi,T18t ...
Omow'^':"
ectio ^-ith
N O R T H A M . —
Northain is situated ou
H
t i e jnctio
tho Mortloi
about 17 m
from York, ai
north-east fr
Tho settleme
.11
north
boon
is well laid out,
ets being regular
rutersecting each
or the most part,
angles. It conmerous
buildings
jstantial characly
of them being
es of considcr-
:ural
the
•e tho
with the c
thesoil androp
is somewhat
The mean an
fall is about
Population, 2,")2.
N O R T H A M I
T O N . - O n the Bow
Jiiver, near
in the norther
ation of the
Kange. It is the inlai
terminus of the orChei
Railway Line, and li,
about 34 mile
from Geraldt
settlement has
connection with
extensive de
lead occur in the
and copper 1_„
yet to done, however, towards the devalopme
rainfall varies bet\veen 20 anil 25 inches au.
PERTH.—Perth, which formed the b
the west coast of Australia, was founded iu
and tho following, several vessels arrived
soon a population of over 1,000 persons became settled
The inducoments held ont to%hose willing to take their places in the
new colony, ^vure grants of land. In order to ensure success, the
offers of land were of the most liberal character, and every effort
was made to secure an enterprising and industrious population.
Perth is picturesquely situated on the right bank of the Swan
River, and ranks us the capital of Western Australia. The river
here forms a beautif.il iake-like exi)ansc, which receives the name
Perth Water, and a little lower domi below Point Belches, Melville
Water. Perth Water is about one and a half miles long, and one
mile bi-oad, and has much in its appearanco to chai-m the ^-isitor.
l''ix-inaut!e, the seaport of the metropolis, occupies a position at the
mouth of tho river, about 12 miles distant. The progi-ess of the
to^^•n, for many yeai-s after its foundation, was slow compared with
the settlements on the east and sonth coasts of the continent; but
prominent
hall, the various
!hes, banks, the
mment offices, the
fcal, and the Goverresidonce.
The
ipal street has a
length of about 2
, and is planted
various ornamental
These aSonl a
int shade to pedes-
1 during the heat
nmer, and add con-
• to the beauty
•tu> liastem Eoilway,
'liioii has its terminus
n tho coast at Freinaiuie,
passes through
city. This line
•nds inland to Tork,
istance of about 90
nt of these resources. The
lually. Population, 13U.
as is of the settlements on
1820. During that year,
immigrants, and
;ngth of about 20 miles,
etween York and
Beverley, beingin course
of construction. Railways
have also been projected, and decided npon, to connect the
metropolis with Albany ou the south coast, and on the north, with the
fertile lands which lie on the banks of the Greenough River. Plans
have been matured, and contracts entered into for the construction of
these lines. Their completion in the future will give an impetus to
settlement in the colony, and tend largely to increaae the importance
of the capital as a commeitial centre. PopulatioD, 6,044.
P I N J A R R A . - i ' i i i j a r r a is the leading town in the agricultural
district of the Murray, and is situated ou the left bank of the River
of that name. It lies about 6 miles inland fi'om Peel's Inlet, and
is on the main road from Perth to Bunbury, about 47 miles south
fi'om the formei', and 50 miles north from tho latter. The
settlers ai-e engaged in rearing stock and sheep-farming. Popalation,
S)o.
QUINDAIiUP.—A settlement in the Sussex District, a few
miles inland from the southern shore of Geographe Bay. Busselton
lies about 10 miles to the north-east, and Perth about 140 miles
north-north-east, There are extensive forests in the neighbourhood,
and the cutting and shipping of timber furnish employment to a
large number of jiersons.