the map is ao out 1 1 1 8 G . miles, in an E b y N direction, nearly. Edrisi giv es a chain o f distance between them : and although we cannot ascértain the exac t bearing o f the several parts, y e t enough is known, to enable its to approximate the general bent o f it ; which is to the south ; and the degree Qf cu rva ture seems to be such, as to increase the distance 50 o r 60. m iles ; say 5 5 , and then the line o f Edrisi may be taken at 1 1 7 3 G . m ile s * N ow as he reckons 66 journies, each will be no more than 1 7 ! : and his usual standard is 19 , o r more. T h is difference may easily arise on some o f the longer portions o f the line ; which, although g iv en in the aggregate, may be broken into several parts, and each o f them inflected frorft the other in some degree. Such, for instance, may be the case o f the line o f 30 days between D ongola and K a u g a ; although the bearing o f i^t, on the whole, is SW b y W , o r W S W . Therefore the in te r v a l.o f space between G h an a and * The chain of hearings and distances is thus ascertained: Edrisi allows 66 journies between Ghana and Dongola: o f which 36 are between Ghana and Kauga; 30 between the latter and Dongola (Damokla o f Edrisi). Of the ' thirty-six, eigfíteéñ áre ¿íelrly shewn tô point eastward ; partly by direct information, partly by'the cbritext. For' Kauga is said-to be 10 journies to the east, of Semegonda : (Ed. p. 13.) and between the latter and Sekmara, 8 joyrnies, is about E by S and W by N ; as we learn from the triangle fomed by the points of Sekmara, Semegonda, and Reghebil ; the latter'place being six days southward from the former, and nine from Semegonda. And lastly, the »S’ journies between' Ghana ' and Sekmara, a r é 'checked by the hearing ánd distance between Reghebil and G bañara 1 and the distance between Ghanara and Ghana— (See the map). For Reghebil is said (Edrisi, p. 12.) to lie 11 journies to the east of Ghanara, whilst the latter is also 11 journies from Ghana. The context shews, that if Sekmara is 18 journies from Ghana, and Reghebil 6 days south from Sekmara, whilst Ghanara preserves the relative position above described, that Sekmara must lie to the eastward of Ghana. Kauga ought unquestionably to lie to the southward of Dongola, by or 3 degrees.. For it is 20 journies to the southward o f KukU, which is itself about the parallel o f Ta- malma, which is 12 journies from Matthan, the capital o f Bornou ; northward. And this Matthan, as will be shewn presently, lies in the same parallel with Dongola. Thus, I may assume, without any gréât hazard, an easterly bearing between Ghana and Kauga; E 25 N between Kauga and Dongola. : For the authorities for the above particulars, seeÆdrisi, pages 10, 11, 12, 13. It- would be almost endless to note each*:sepárate authority. D o n g o la seems to ; ;be satisfactorily filled up. ‘ O r , i f -'wé take the whole number o f competed jo u rn ie s between Pisani# On* the-Gamb ia river, and D o n g o la on the N ile , at 1 5 8 ; “ o f which 92 are between Pisania and Ghana, 66 between th e 'lai ter and Dongola-;' there will be> on ith e 'fo f iii^ la b c o fd ih g to : Our construction,; a ratio o f ab out 1!i 6jo -Gt'fhilCs p e r dayV onr tHè' 'direct line ; and 16,9 on the latter. c T o • .th enorthward Of this line* and in th e 1'q u a r te r 'tow a rd s ]N u b ia , are situated the countries o r k in g d om s 'o f B o rn o u *(of -Kanem)‘TaiguaiV'Kruku; Ku a r , and Z a g aw a : and in khe quarter ‘towards’ Gha'tia^ are; Zarifara, arid Z e g z e g . M o s t o f thern are mentioned, as we ll iby ’Lèó,' as b y Edrisi. ; il • T h e re is; a-route;to the éapital o f Bòr-noU* giv en in the Pro c eedin gs Of the Asso ciation, 1 7 9 0 9 1 , b y which it is placed"at 'ab o u t ^ S from M o u r - zo u k , distant 6 6 0 G im i le s ; whence it falls on the map; e x a c t ly in the same parallel with D on g o la , and at 52 4 miles to the west o f it : so that the co u n try o f JBornòu o ccupies the middle space 1 b e tw e e n ^ t ìb ià 'and"Ghaha ; F e z z a n and Senriaf..* T h e r e is little doubt that Bornou is the Kdnem- o f Edrisi,. said to border on Nubia.= Angimi; (or Girili) in p articular, one o f its cities, is said to be near N u b ia , on the e a s t . t . T h e r e is aicity o f the name o f Kan em , in* the way from F e z z a n - to the capital o f B b rn ou , as' we learn n o t only from M r . B e a u fo y ’ s ¡MS & 1b lit from a ’ riote in Hartmann :<£ but-this cannot b e the capital o f Kanem, intended b y .E d r is i ;' becausè neither the bearings nor the distances to it, ,fróm I Ddn gola’ and N h b ia agree-j and also* ¡because ¡the bearing^rid distarle©; from D ongola dò- agree exactly" id rtht£ capital pointed our,' b y M n B e a u fo y and which Edrisi »names; Matthan,;or Matsan. T h is capital he places at 31 days jo u rn e y to the west o f N u b ia , whose; position, however, is - to o uncertain to reckon iipon r- But A bu lfèd a says that Z a gu a , o f Z a g a ra , is 20 jo u rn ie s iw ^ i from iDortgola; $ and Màt-^ than; . according .to> Edrisi, fis e ight jo u rn ie s -^ ó ^ Z a g r i a ; '- ^ 1^).^ I t has' alréady b e é n . n o tic ed that ttbeicapital o f B ò r iio iI falls.im theisame parallel-‘ -- ;'V.:> ■; ib ii/ I ,i,h g t iA t . Mgnorne * The capital of Bornou falls in lat. 240 32', Ion. 220 57'. The empire is said to be very extensive; and.HtSj sovereign; more powerful than tlje Ertiper^rio f Morocco: Af. Assoc. 1790,^C^p, 152;; p .; p* ¿29U . > ; j ; ; 01 ' ! . ; . ‘ f Edrisi, p. 14. X Hartmann’s Edrisi, p..63, Qoie;( v . ) wBgucf Articlef-Soudan.
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