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186 OiiDEE—LEPIDOPTERA.
E U C H L O E CARDA5IINES.
PLATE XXXT, FIGS. 3, 4.
The Eiiglisli orange-tipped buttcrdy, from tlie marked difference in the two sexes, and tire common occurrence
of the species in lanes and pastures in the spring-j is more frequently noticed, in a monstrous condition, than
the ordinary white Pierides. A specimen^ of which the wings on the left side are masculine, and those on the right
side, wanting all trace of the orange markings, female, is represented in my ' Butterflies of Great Britain,' pi. II,
fig. 3'. The insect liere figured in plate XXXA~, figs. 3, 4, from the Collection of Dr. Boisduval, is a male, liut
has the orange tip of the fore wings broken up, especially in the right wing, by white patches. The white
})ortion of this right fore wing is, however, almost confined to the space betw^een the third branch of the median
vein and the lower disco-cellular vein on the upper side of the wings; and it is interesting to observe, that
in this space the broader black apical margin of the female is seen, w'hereas the under side of this wing- is
entirely masculine. In the apical portion of the left fore wing there seems to have occurred quite a contest
betw'een the male and female characteristic markings on the upper side, whereas on the underside the female
marking is only seen in the space between the second and third branches of the median vein.
Plate XXXy, fig. 8, represents the right fore wing of a specimen of the same species in the Collection of
!Mr. Edwin Brown, of Burton-on-Trent. This specimen is entirely female, except that the middle portion of
the costal region of the right fore wing is marked wuth several irregular orange dashes above the large black
discoidal spot both on the upper and under sides. The abdomen of this specimen appears, however, so far as
may be judged by its dried and shrunk condition, to be masculine.
Plate XXXY, fig, 9, also represents the right fore wing of a specimen of the same species observed by
Mr. Geldart, to whom I am indebted for a sketch of it. The general appearance is that of a female, but on the
upper side of the fore wing, on the right side, there is a small oblong dash of male orange scales in the space
between the third branch of the median vein and the lower diseo-cellular vein, immediately beyond the black
discoidal spot. This dash shews through the white scales on the under side of the wing, but not a single orange
scale is discernible on that side even by a strong magnifying glass. There are also two adjacent minute orange
dots visible just above the lower disoo-ceUular vein.
Another specimen of this insect is described by J I . Boisduval as a variety of the female having an orange
spot on the rmder side of the fore wings.
In a short memoir in the Annales Soc. Ent. Erance for 1853 (2nd Ser. torn, x, p. 325, pi. IV, fig. 3),
M. Bellier de la Chavignerie di^udes the so-called hermaphrodite insects into two series—1st, those in which ' l^un
des sexes' is ' dans une plus grande proportion que I'autre' (of which he had published an instance in Lijparis dispar,
described and figured by himself in the same Annales for 1849, p. 173, pi. VI, fig. 2, in which a large part of
the right fore wing is coloured as in the female, whilst the whole of the remainder of this insect is masculine)
and, 2ndly, those in which the two sexes are equally divided in the individual, which comprise by far the greater
number of cases of these monstrosities, and of which, in 1835, M. Alexandre Lefebvre gave a list of 47 of such
Lepidopterous monsters: to which M. Bellier added another instance in the volume of the Annales for 1852,
being a specimen of EucJdoe cardamines, of which the left side was entirely female. M. J . FaUou has published
(Annales Soc. Ent. Erance, 5th Ser. 1871, p. 369, pi. Y, figs. 7 and 8) the description and figures of an aberration
of H. cardamines, of which the body was female (containing eggs), and the hind wings entirely and the
fore wings for the most part were female, whilst on the upper side the right fore wing was marked by several
narrow orange streaks on the extremity of the costa and apex of the wing, whilst the left fore wing had a small
triangular dash of light orange near the inner angle. On the upper side the fore wings may be said to be cut
into three nearly equal longitudinal parts, the costal and inner third being female, whilst the central part is
masculine, with the orange colour extending into the cell, the apical margin in this part is marked with three
triangular patches of green scales. It was taken near Beaumont-sur-Oise.
^ This specimen is in the Collection of Mr. Heniy Doubleday. A similar specimen is figured hy M. Bellier in the
Annales of the French Entomological Society, 2ud Ser. torn, x, pi. IV (1853).
FASIILY—PAPILIONID.E. SUB-FAMILY—PIERIDES. 1 8 7
A N T H 0 C H A E I S E V 1 P P E.
PLATE XXXY, FIGS. 11, 12.
In the Hopeian CoUeetion is preserved the monstrous specimen of this pretty species from Sierra Leone
here figured. The ordinary male character of the specimen is shewn on tlie left side of figure 11, exhiliiting a
large red spot on the broad apical margin of the fore wing, tlie disc of which is entirely white, and the white
hind wings with black marginal spots, to which two small somewhat oval ones are attached, extending into the
disc of the wing. The ordinary character of the upper side of the female is shewn in figure 12, shewing the large
broad apical spot, and an oblong one on the inner margin of the fore wdngs (which are dilated below the middle
of the apical margin), and the hind wings marked with a dark subeentral fascia as well as the marginal spots. In
the specimen before us the left side of the insect is entirely male, and the wings on the right side are female
in form, and the hind one is also female in markings; but the fore wing has the broad apical dark margin
marked with an irregular series of red spots, thus partaking of the character of the male.
GONOPTERYX EHAMNI.
PLATE XXXV, FIG. 2.
The ordinary character of this very common butterfly is the entirely sulphur-yellow colour of the wings of
the male, and the greenish-white colour of those of the female. I have seen several monsters of this species in
which one or more of the wings exhibit a combination of the colours of the two sexes.
In the specimen here figured (fig. 2) from the Collection of Herr Staudinger, of Dresden, the fore wing on
the right side is female, with the anterior and posterior margins masculine, and with two orange dots on the
disc beyond the cell; the right hind wing is entirely masculine ; the left fore wing has the anterior half masculine,
with two spots at the cud of the discoidal cell, and a spot on the apical margin as in the female ; the
posterior half is female, with a bipartite orange spot on the disc beyond the cell; the left hind mng has the
costal half female, and the inner half male, with a pale spot near the anal angle.
Plate XXXV, fig. 10, exhibits the right fore wing of a specimen of the same species in the Collection of
Mr. E. Bond, which has the two wings on the left side, and the hind wing on the right side feminine; but this
right hand fore wing is confusedly divided (for the most part longitudinally) between the male and female
colours. The specimen was taken near London.
Mr. F. Bond possesses another specimen which is entirely masculine except the costal region of the fore
wing on the left side, which is female, with a small narrow yellow dash in the middle of the costal edge.
IMr. E. Bond has also recently obtained from the Collection of Mr. Edmunds, of Worcester, two specimens with
irregular markings of the two sexes, but with the peculiarity that the markings are exactly similar on the two
sides, the under surface of the wings, moreover, shewing the same markings as on the upper sm-faee. In one
of these specimens the basal half of all the wings is masculine, with slender white dashes on the chief veins,
whilst the apical half is feminine, the body being also female. In the other specimen the fore wings have an
oval spot of the female colour near the apex, an elongated dash between the second and third branches of the
median vein, and the inner margin with a broad border of the female colour. In the hind wings the discoidal
cell is of the female colour, from which three broad stripes of the same colour extend to the outer margin of the
wing, each occupying the alternate space between the longitudinal veins of the hind wing beyond the cell.
Erom the regularity of the markings of these two specimens, and their identity on the two sides, one is
almost tempted to fancy the male colour may have been discharged in the pale parts by art.
The Royal ^luseum of Berlin also possesses two interesting specimens of the same species. In one the left
fore wing is mascnline, and the two hind wings are feminine, exeeiit that the left-hand hind wing has a central
narrow stripe of male colour running from the base of the wing, over the ordinary discoidal orange spot, and
extending to the outer margin of the wing ; the right fore wing is female, except that the costa for two-thirds
of its length from the base, a narrow longitudinal streak running through the discoidal cell from the base to
below the apex of the wing, and a dash parallel with the inner margin, are masculine.
The other Berlin specimen has the right fore wing and the anterior half of the left fore wing female, the
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