Chaulelasmus streperus, LinnL
Vsmactllar Namos.—[Mila, (Hindee), BeylAur, N. W. Provinces; Peeing lians,
(Bengali); Mail, Nepal; Bard, Sindh; Syah-dum, Cabul;
OW far south exactly the Gadwall may wander
in India I have been unable to ascertain ; but I
have no knowledge of its occurrence in Ceylon,
or the extreme south of the Peninsula, anywhere
south of Mysore. In this province it occurs,
though not in great numbers, and everywhere
else in India, north of about the 1 2 ° N. Lat., in
gradually increasing abundance as one proceeds northwards.
Eastwards it occurs throughout the Assam Valley to Dibrugarh,
and Damant met with it at the Logtag Lake in Manipur; but
though common about Calcutta, I have no report of it from the
Sunderbans, Tipperah, and Chittagong, though it must needs
occur in these if lilyth is correct in saying that it is found in
Arakan. In Tenasserim we have not met with it, nor has it been
recorded from Pegu, though I should expect it to occur in the
northern portions of that province. In the Himalayas it is
common during the cold season from Kashmir (whence I have
several specimens, though Adams does not include it in his
list) to Nepal, up to elevations of about five or six thousand feet.
Outside our limits the range of this species may be described
as covering the entire temperate zone of the northern
hemisphere. But it is rare in many portions of this vast tract,
as in China, Mongolia, Japan, and the British isles. Except in
Iceland it does not usually closely approach the Arctic Circle,
while both in India and in the West Indies (as in Cuba and
Jamaica, &c.,) it straggles well inside the tropics. Still for all
practical purposes the species may be defined as essentially one
pertaining to the northern temperate zone.
"AS WELCOME," said the late Col. Tickell, "as on the moun-
Bights of the Water Fowl, which announce to the nearly exhausted
European the approach of the delicious ' cold season'of India
Ktaing slowly across the open meadows or the treeless uplands