Le Vaillant to three of the species figured.!- his “ Oiseaux de Paradis,” via. Ramphastos Tocard. R . Aaarre,
and R. Bailloni. Mr. Swainson made us acquainted with three additional species, Ramphastos amUguas,
Pteroglossus inscriptas,. and Ft. sulcatus. Dr. Lichtenstein gave the names of Ptoroglossas prasinus and
P , macu/irostris to two well-marked species. Dr. Latham did not add a single species to the group; unless
his Blue-eared Toucan, to which he gave no specific appellation, be identical with Aulacoramphus sulcatus.
The Ramphastos Indicta of Miller’s ■■ Cimelia Physica” is doubtless meant to represent a Toucan ; and if the
colours of the under surface were transposed it would then more nearly resemble R . Toco than any other.
Wagler, who gave a monograph of the group in his “ Systema Avium,” published in 1827, added the
following species,-Ramphastos Cumeri and Pteroglossus Reinwardti, Langsdorffi and Humboldt,. Subsequently
he published in Oken's “ Isis” the description of a fifth new species under the name of Pteroglossus
Beauharuaim. His Ramphastos Le Faillantii is merely the description of the faded R . erythrorhynchus,
figured by Le Vaillant on his fourth p la te ; his Ramphastos callorhynchus is identical with the R. carinatus
of Swainson ; his R . Forsterorum is taken from the fifth plate of Le Vaillant, which is said to be a represen-
tation of a bird made up from R . A M and R. Cumeri; his R. erythrosoma cannot be identified with any
known bird ; the characters were taken from Lc Vaillant’s sixth plate representing a specimen which had
probably been tampered with by the bird-mounter, a much to be reprehended, though not unfrequent
practice ; lastly, his Pteroglossus Poeppigi is identical with his Pt. Beauharnaisu.
Both Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte and Mr. G. R. Gray consider the Ramphastos maxima* of Cuvier
to be identical, with the R . erythrosoma of Wagler, which, as above stated, has been founded upon a
made-up specimen.
Mr. Vigors, who commenced a monograph of the family in the “ Zoological Journal," but did not live
to complete it, named two others, Ramphastos Ariel and Pteroglossus bitorquatus.
Mr. Fraser pointed out the characters which distinguish his Pteroglossus flamrostris from the true
Pt. Azarce for which I had mistaken it.
During my absence in Australia Mr. Waterhouse described a fine new species as Pteroglossus nign-
rostris, the bird almost simultaneously receiving the appellation of P t. melanorhynchus from the Messrs.
Sturm of Nuremberg.
M. Natterer, who has furnished us with so much valuable information respecting this group, named
two new species Pteroglossus Gouldi and Pt. Sturmi.
M. Boissoneau has added to the list Pteroglossus albivitta ; and
M. d’Orbigny Pteroglossus cceruleocinctus.
The Messrs. Sturm, in their German translation of the first edition of this work, have published two
others, Pteroglossus atrogularis, and Pt: Wiedi.
The following are the species which I have had the pleasure of making known as additional members
of the family
Ramphastos brevicarinatus. ■
—------------- Inca.
—_ —| -----citreokemus.
----------------osc ulans.
.------— culminatus.
Pteroglossus 4 >luricinctus.
---------------- poecilosternus.
------------ -— castanotis.
_______ erythropygius.
Pteroglossus Mariae.
Andigena laminirostris.
------------ hypoglaucus.
— cucullatus.
Selenidera Nattereri.
Aulacoramphus Derbianus.
' - - ; — castaneorhynchus.
____________ haematopygius.
’ - • . - ';; ; caeruleogularis.
The characters and figure of the R . citreopygius of my former edition were taken from a specimen at
that time in the possession of Mr. Swainson, but which, with the remainder of his collection, is now in the
Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge. Upon again examining it; and with greater care than upon the former
occasion, I find that it is made up of the head of Ramphastos mtellinus and the body of .ft. erythrorhynchus ;
consequently that name mus*t be expunged from the list of the species of this family.
Having thus traced the discovery of the various members of this important group from the earliest
period down to the present time, I now proceed to speak of their affinities, the countries they inhabit, and
the extent of their range; as well as to give all the information I have been able to obtain respecting their
habits and economy, duly acknowledging the sources whence it has been derived.
In some parts of their structure the Toucans much resemble the Hornbills; like them they are
distinguished by the great development of the beak, by the scantiness of the plumage of the body, and by
the rich colouring of the denuded parts of the skin ; both are impatient of cold, and both seem especially
adapted for a tropical or subtropical climate; both are said to incubate in the holes of trees, and they
are, moreover, very much alike in their general habits and actions; even to the positions they assume
while roosting, when both sit with the tail turned upward over the.back. In the structure of their feet,