tail-coverts being white and of the ordinary length, and by the yellowishness of the throat. In
these the crimson pectoral band is narrow, and the naked space around the eye is of the same
blue colour as the legs.
5. Ramph. carinatus; with the bill of several colours, including blue and green.
6 . Ramph. Swainsonii; with the bill divided by a diagonal line, above which it is yellow,
and with the crimson pectoral band separated by a white crescent from the yellow
of the neck.
D. The fourth and last section of the Toucans comprehends those in which the upper tail-
coverts are crimson, and consequently correspond in colour with the under tail-coverts. In the
birds thus distinguished the throat is orange, generally more intense in the middle, and either
fading gradually backwards, or giving place to a defined pale yellow band, separating the
throat from the crimson which immediately succeeds it. The crimson of the breast varies in
extent, according to the species, from a broad band to one of so great breadth as to occupy the
entire breast. In one of the species the naked space surrounding the eye is blu e ; in the others
it is red.
7 - Ramph. vitellinus; with the bill black, its basal band blue, and the yellow of the throat
fading into white on the sides and face.
8 . Ramph. A r ie l; with the bill black, its basal band yellow, and the deep yellow of the
throat bounded behind by a defined pale yellow band.
9- Ramph. dicolorus; with the bill green, its basal band black, the yellow of the throat
becoming paler round the whole of its circumference, and the crimson occupying
the entire breast.
II. The Ara§aris, possessing as a part of the family character a bill of great proportional
size, have that organ nevertheless comparatively less developed than the Toucans. The tail
furnishes a tangible distinctive character in its graduated form; it is also more lengthened. The
most constant colour observable in these birds is green, which, in various shades from olive to
grass green, occupies the upper surface of the back, wings, and tail, with the exception
(generally) of the upper tail-coverts; in one or two species only is the space between the
shoulders of a different colour. Except the green of the back, the colour of every other part
varies with the different species, although some are more generally met with than othe rs;
such, for instance, is the crimson of the upper tail-coverts, which exists in all but a few species ;
such also the chestnut or black of the head and neck, which prevails throughout the greater part
of the g ro u p ; such too the yellow of various intensities, and more or less interrupted, which
spreads over a greater or less extent of the under surface in most of the species. None of
these, however, is constant throughout the genus, which consequently presents in the different
species comprehended in it, a greater variety of colouring than is met with in the Toucans,
passing from the brilliancy and diversified painting of the Royal or Cayenne Araijaris, to the comparatively
sombre appearance of the Golden-green or the Grooved-billed. The colour of the
naked parts is similar to that which is met with in the Toucans; the legs being either blue or
greenish, and the naked space round the eyes being generally of the same colour. There are
only two species known in which the naked space surrounding the eyes is red.
A. In the first section o f the Ara9aris may be comprehended those species in which the
yellow of the under surface is crossed by a band at the junction of the breast with the belly.
In all these birds the yellow of the under surface is more or less blotched with crimson; the
upper tail-coverts are crimson; and the head and neck are black, the black being occasionally
converted into chestnut on the ears. The males and females offer no difference in their
colouring. To this section belong:
1. Pter. Aracari; with the sides of the upper mandible dirty white, and the ventral band
broad and crimson.
2 . Pter. Castanotis; with the sides of the upper mandible obliquely divided into black
and yellow, the sides of the face and of the head chestnut, and the ventral band
broad and crimson.
3. Pter. regalis; with the sides of the upper mandible dirty white with black serrations,
the ventral band narrow, black in front and drimson behind, and the black of the
neck bounded behind by a narrow band of rich chestnut.
B. The second section of the Ara9aris comprehends those in which the breast is crimson
and the belly yellow. In these, as in the birds of the previous section, the upper tail-coverts
are crimson ; the head and neck are also of a dark colour, which is deep chestnut, except
on the upper part of the head, where it is black. I t comprehends two species :
4. Pter. bitorquatus; with the outer half of the lower mandible black, a yellow collar
(occasionally absent) at the lower part of the throat, and the back of the neck
crimson.
5. Pter. Azar(e; with the bill yellowish throughout, a narrow black band at the lower
p art of the throat, and a broad black band crossing the breast.
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