into the stream at the time of its rise a virgin richly dressed, and o f superior beauty. The greatest people of the country considered themselves honoured if the preference was given to one o f their daughters, and the learned men augured a good or bad year from the ease or difficulty with which their victim was drowned. There are several tribes of wandering Tibboo to the northward of Bornou, the principal of which are the Wandela, Gunda, and Trai'ta. These people are principally Kaffirs: they do not trade, but live by their flocks, and not unfrequently by pillage. To the eastward of Bornou, near Baghermi, is a country called Mandra, which is tributary to Bornou, but does not escape the incursions for slaves, which are frequently made by its nominal protectors. The language of this country is a corrupt dialect of the Bornou. The people are finely formed, and the females have lively intelligent countenances: they are all Kaffirs, and live in huts of grass, woven like mats, and sewed together, called Booshia. I shall have occasion, when speaking of the country of the Tibboo, to mention three rivers of note which I am able to trace to some distance at ten days to the north of Waday. I now return to the accounts of the bearings of several places of note from Bornou. Birnie Jedeed to Baghermi, ten long days, east-south-east. Maoo, principal town of Kanem, fifteen days, north-north-east. Kanno, ten days, west. Kooka, fifteen days, east by south. Kattagum, four days, west-south-west. Ringhem, nine days, west-south-west. Shaikoo, two days, west. Kawar, ten days, north-eastward. Bdma, fifteen days, north-eastward. Makaree, eight days, east-south-east. Bimie Jedeed to Ongomoo, fourteen days, east by south. Zegzeg, fifteen days, south-west. Zakari, eight days, westerly. Waday, sixteen days, easterly. Bahr el Ghazal (south part), ten days, east-north-east. Kashna, sixteen days, west. Morzouk, forty days, north. At Kattagum, a river called N il,b y the natives flows across the road from Bornou to Kashna to the north-east. It is of great magnitude, and is passed on rafts; the water is sweet, and full of fish. It rises periodically, and sometimes overflows the country. Ongornoo is situated within a day of Kooka, and is much frequented by traders in the spring, when a large market is held there, principally for slaves, who are brought from all the surrounding countries in security; a general armistice prevailing during the annual sale. It is subject to Bornou: the people are Mohammedans. A river flows past it to the eastward. Bahr el Ghazal, the south part of which is about ten days east- north-east of Birnie, runs nearly north-east and south-west for a great distance. It is inhabited by Negro tribes, of whom the greater part are Kaffirs, or, at all events, not Moslems. The nearest part of it to Bornou is about ten days east-north-east. I t is an immense wadey, or valley full of trees, and having many inhabitants, who are wanderers. Elephants, rhinoceroses, lions, buffaloes, and the camelopard, or giraffe, called Jimel Allah Alt J*=-, or God’s camel, by the Arabs, are in great numbers. The natives generally use a kind of corrupt Arabic, though one or two languages peculiar to the country are also spoken. These people are a fine race, well made, and very active. They wear their hair, which is not woolly, long and plaited. The general dress is leather, but some go entirely naked. The cattle
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