the (Rahayat) slippers, which are scarlet or red. T he hair is concealed in a black silk handkerchief, o ve r which they wear shawls o f silk or handkerchiefs o f various gay co lou rs ; they wear bracelets, and armlets above the elbow, and massive rings o f silver round their an c le s ; their ear-rings are o f gold about the thickness o f a goose’s quill, and set with precious stones, or coloured glass, the ring being about six inches in circumference ; these ear-rings have a gaudy appearance, or, as the French express it, “ fon t beaucoup de p a r u r e they wear also a number o f necklaces, generally o f amber beads or coral, some large, and others small, and a variety o f rings on their fingers. In their dress, they are partial to striped silks, ginghams, and cottons o f particular patterns. T h e people belonging to the court have a particular dress, never appearing before the Emperor in a hayk, but in a silham, o r large hooded cloak o f white woollen cloth ; and in presence o f a bashaw, or governor, the h a yk is thrown down on the shoulders, which at other times covers the cap, a_ mode o f salutation similar to that o f taking off the hat among Europeans. T h e religion o f the Emperor o f Marocco’s dominions is Islaem- ism,or Mohammedism,* w hich was first planted inWest Barbary b y the renowned Muley Dris Zerone, on the spot where the town and sanctuary o f that name is built, being east o f Mequi- nas, at the western d e c liv ity o f the Atlas, near an ancient and magnificent ruin, ca lled by the Arabs (Kasser F araw an)f the * See some observations on this religion in a subsequent chapter. •f* W hen I visited these ruins, in my journey from the Sanctuary of Muley Dris Zerone, near to which they are situated, in the plains belowj the jealousy of the (Stata) protecting guide sent by theFakeers to see me safe to the confines of their district was excited, and he endeavoured to deter me from making any observations, by insinuating that the place was the haunt of large and venomous serpents, Ruins o f Pharoah ; from hence assuming the name o f (Deene- el-Wasah) the unconfined law, it q u ick ly spread itself to the shores o f the A tlan tic ocean, to Bled-el-jerr6de, Sigin-Messa Suse, and Sahara. A t the beginning o f the present reign o f Seedy Soliman ben Mohammed, a considerable body o f people, who professed Deism, sprung up, and spread themselves over the northern provinces, exclaiming (la Illah lla Allah) There is no God but the true G o d ; in distinction from the Mohammedan, whose creed is (la Illah ila A lla h , w a Mohammed, arrasule, A llah), T he re is no God but the true God, and Mohammed is his prophet. T he Emperor, however, b y discouraging such tenets, found no difficulty in annihilating this Throu ghou t the country are discovered buildings o f an o ctagonal form, w ith domes o f stone, or plastered with lim e ; these are called (Zawiat) Sanctuaries: and attached to each is a piece o f ground, uninclosed, for the interment o f the dead. T h e priest or saint, who is called el fakeer, or maraboot, superintends divine service and the burial o f the dead, and is often referred to for the adjusting o f disputes or controversies, C n - minals taking refuge in these consecrated places are screened from the hand o f ju s t ic e ; and the opulent men o f the country often, for security, deposit their treasure in them. T h e toleration o f the western Arabs and Moors is such, that the Emperor (although religiously disposed himse lf) w ill allow, on proper application being made, any sect w h ich does not acknowledge a plurality o f gods, to appropriate a place to public worship; * scorpions, &c. A great number of cauldrons and kettles filled with gold and silrer coins have been excavated from these ruins. , * Besides the Catholic establishments in Marocco and Mequinas, before mentioned, there is one at Tangier, and another at Mogodor.
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